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| William Crookes | The British chemist who designed an evacuation tube with two electrodes. When a high voltage was applied to the electrodes, a glow was noticed between them. When an object was placed in the path of the glow, it blocked part of the beam |
| Arrhenius | In 1889 a Swedish chemist performed experiments that correlated chemical reaction rate constants with temperature. After observing that many chemical reaction rates depended on the temperature he devised an equation to characterize the temperature-dependent reactions |
| Le Chatelier | In 1884 this French chemist developed a principal that states if stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the position of the equilibrium will shift in the direction that reduces the stress to reinstate equilibrium |
| The Law of Dulong and Petit | Later useful in clarifying atomic weights, this law that states that the specific heat of a metal multiplied by its molar mass is equal to a constant of approximately 25 J/mol x C |
| Nernst | German physical chemist and physicist received the Nobel Prize in 1920 "in recognition of his work in thermochemistry". His contribution to chemical thermodynamics led to the well-known equation correlating chemical energy and the electric potential of a galvanic cell or battery |
| Haber | In 1919 this German physicist developed a procedure for the manufacture of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, carried out at high pressure and high temperature with the aid of a catalyst |
| William Henry-Henry’s Law. | English chemist who proposed in 1803, the law stating that the amount of a gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the solution |
| Raoult | French chemist who formulated a law on solutions that made it possible to determine the molecular weights of dissolved substances. This law states that the vapor pressure of a solution is directly proportional to the mole fraction of solvent present |
| Graham- Graham’s Law | British chemist often referred to as “the father of colloid chemistry.” developed a law that suggests that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of the particles- |
| Amedeo Avogadro’s - Avogadro’s Principal | A professor of higher physics at the University of Turin for many years, in 1811.Law states that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of particles |
| Hess-Hess’s Law | In 1840, the Russian chemist who developed the law that states In going form a particular set of reactants to a particular set of products, the enthalpy change is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps |
| Van't Hoff | Dutch physical and organic chemist and the first winner of the Nobel Prize in chemistry is credited with the equation that in chemical thermodynamics relates the change in temperature (T) to the change in the equilibrium constant (K) given the standard enthalpy change (ΔHo) for the process |
| Graham- Graham’s Law | British chemist often referred to as “the father of colloid chemistry.” developed a law that suggests that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the mass of the particles |
