| A | B |
|---|
| carbohydrates | quick energy source; made of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| proteins | Monomer= amino acids; made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen |
| Lipids | Make up the plasma (cell) membrane; made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids |
| Nucleic Acids | Monomer= nucleotide; made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus |
| Enzymes | Lower the activation energy needed for reactions |
| Levels of organization | cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism |
| Prokaryotic Cells | NO nucleus; example= bacteria |
| Eukaryotic Cells | Do have a nucleus; examples= plant and animal cells |
| Nucleus | Control center of the cell |
| Ribosomes | Makes proteins |
| Mitochondria | Makes energy |
| Chloroplasts | Turns solar energy into chemical energy; found in plants |
| Cell Wall | Found in plants AND bacteria |
| Osmosis | the movement of water from high concentration to low concentration |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration |
| Hypertonic | Water will leave the cell causing it to shrink |
| Hypotonic | water will enter the cell causing it to burst |
| Isotonic | cell is at equilibrium with the solution |
| DNA | deoxyribose Nucleic Acid |
| nucleotide | Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogen base |
| Semi Conservative | One original strand and one new strand of DNA |
| Anti-parallel | DNA strands run in opposite directions |
| Interphase | G1, S, G2....Cell growth and DNA Replication |
| Prophase | Nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibers form |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | Nuclear membrane reforms around two new nuclei |
| Cytokinesis | Cytoplasm divides |
| Cell Cycle | process of one cell dividing into two identical daughter cells |
| Transcription | DNA --> mRNA; happens in the nucleus |
| Translation | mRNA--> Protein; happens on the ribosomes |
| Protein Synthesis | Process of making proteins from the instructions coded in the DNA |
| cancer | caused by a mutation in the gene that regulates the cell cycle |
| Codon | set of three bases found in mRNA |
