| A | B |
|---|
| Differentiation | process when cells of a multicellular individual become specialized durind development |
| Homeostasis | it is the stable internal conditions of a living thing |
| Metabolism | is the sum of all the chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| Inference | is a conclusion made on the basis of facts rather than on direct observations. |
| Electron Microscope | is when a beam of electrons produces an enlarged image of the specimen |
| Transmission electron microscope | it transmits a beam of electrons through a very thinly sliced specimen. Cannot be used to view living specimens |
| Scanning electron microscope | provides 3-D images. The specimen is sprayed with a fine metal coating. These specimens are also non-living |
| Sexual reproduction | hereditary information from two parts of a single or two organisms are combined |
| elements | are pure substances that can't be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter |
| matter | any thing that occupies space: solid, liquid, gas |
| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom |
| free energy | the energy in a system that is available for work |
| exergonic reactions | chemical reactions that involve a net release of free energy |
| endergonic reactions | reactions that involve a net absorption of free energy |
| oxidation reaction | a reactant loses one or more electrons, thus becoming more positive in charge |
| reduction reaction | a reactant gains one or more electrons, thus becoming more negative in charge |
| solute vs. solvent | solute is the substance dissolved in solution, the solvent is the solution |
| dissociation | is the separating of a molecule into simpler molecules, atoms, radicals, or ions |
| Adhesion | is the force between unlike substances |
| polymer | consists of repeated, linked units |
| organic compound | contains carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and to other elements |
| hydrolysis | it is the splitting of a molecule through reaction with water |
| carbohydrates | are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| monosaccharide | it is a simple sugar; contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1 |
| amino acids | it is the monomer building blocks of proteins |
| hydrophilic vs hydrophobic | hydrophilic is "water loving" and hydrophobic is "water fearing" |
| cell | it is the smallest unit of matter that can carry on all of the processes of life |
| cell theory | 1)All living things are composed of one or more cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in an organism 3) Cells only come from the reproduction of existing cells |
| selectively permeable | stuff can pass through it |
| Mitochondrion | transfers energy from organic compounds to ATP |
| Ribosome | organizes the synthesis of proteins |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | prepares proteins for export (rough ER); synthesizes steroids, regulates calcium levels, breaks down toxic chemicals (smooth ER) |
| golgi apparatus | proccess and packages substances that are poduced by the cell |
| lysosome | digests molecules, old organelles, and foreign substances |
| microfilaments and microtubules | contribute to the support, movement, and division of cells |
| cilia and flagella | propel cells through the enviroment; move materials over the cell surface |
| nucleus | stores hereditary information in DNA; synthesizes RNA and ribosomes |
| cell wall | only in plant cells; supports and protects the cell |
| vacuole | larger in plant cells; stores enzymes and waste products |
| plastid | stores food or pigments |
| tissues | grop of cells that carry out a specific function |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform a set of related tasks |
| passive transport | the movement of such substances across the membrane |
| diffusion | is the movement of molecules froman area of higher concentration to an area with lower concentration |
| cytokinesis | division of cytoplasm |
| cleavage furrow | in animal cells, during cytokinesis it is needed |
| cell plate | in plant cells, during cytokinesis it is needed |
| G2 and G1 phase | growth phases, in interphase of cell cycle |
| M phase | when the nucleus divides |
| S phase | when the DNA is copied |
