| A | B |
|---|
| First Battle at Bull Run | Confederate victory that left the Union running the other direction. Ironically, the North becomes more realistic that the war will not be a short one and it hurts Confederate recruitment efforts because many in the South saw no need to join when war was so easily won. |
| George B. McClellan | Little Napoleon...on paper. Overly cautious general who hated to take risks and was humilated by Lincoln who removed him from his postion. Ran against Lincoln in 1864 and lost. |
| Penisular Campaign | Led by McClellan. A defeat for the Union who then turn to the military strategy of total war. |
| Total War | Military strategy that all is fair in war including buring crops, schools, hospitals, and civilians can be treated as the enemy if necessary. |
| Blockade | Utilized by the Union to cut off the Confederacy from sending supplies or receiving supplies. Strategy that weakened the Confederate economy greatly. Anaconda Plan |
| Mississippi River | Seizing it became of paramount importance to the Union. If they could control it, then the Confederacy would be cut in half and greatly weakened. |
| Richmond, Virginia | Capital of the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as president. |
| technology | As will all wars, technology plays a part. In the civil war, the Gaitling gun, photography, and the iron clad ships made their debut. |
| Merrimack and Monitor | Two iron clad ships. Merrimack (AKA Virginia) belonged to the Confederacy and the Monitor belonged to the Union. The Merrimack was the only thing that threatened the Union use of the blockade. |
| 3 cigars | The irony behind how McClellan learned of Lee's plans at Antietam and enabled him to keep Lee from progressing any further North into Union territory. McClellan was still removed after Antietam for not following a weakened Lee across the Potomac River. |
| Twin Victories | Gettysburg and Vicksburg battles. Both Union victories. |
| union turf | the two major battles fought on union soil were Antietam and Gettysburg |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued by Lincoln after Antietam. It freed all slaves BEHIND enemy lines. Empty promise but foreshadowed the 13th Amendment. Lost Lincoln a lot of Northern votes in the 1864 election. |
| 13th Amendment | abolishes all slavery forever more in the United States. |
| Battle of Gettysburg | Approx. 160, 000 soldiers fight in a farmers field. Approx. 50,000 die. Union victory that signaled the beginning of the end of the Southern cause. |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Union victory. Took back control of the Mississippi River, silenced those Northerners who just wanted to end the war already regardless of defeat, ended any idea that foreign nations would help the Confederacy, and cut off supplies from the more westerly southern states to the other Southern states. |
| Union party | new political party formed when Republicans joined with pro-war Democrats. |
| Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's running mate in the 1864 election. |
| Civil War | 1861-1865. The hardest test to the idea of American democracy, republic, and preserving the Union in all US history. Democracy, Union, republic prevailed. |
| pardon | What happened to all Southern rebel leaders under the presidency of Andrew Johnson |
| Reconstruction | To rebuild the South. Lasted from 1865 to 1877. A failure. Southern economy. infrastructure, stability, and politics in a shambles in 1865 and not much improved by 1877. |
| Exodusters | A number of freed blacks moved to KANSAS until steamboat captains refused to take anymore across the Mississippi River. |
| Freedmen's Bureau | Government program to help newly freed blacks attain skills, wages, education, and civil rights. The greatest success of the Bureau was in the area of education. |
| Wade-Davis Bill | Written by two Radical Republicans. It proposed that the only way a Southern state could gain readmittance into the Union was to provide an iron clad oath they had never supported the confederacy. Lincoln vetoed it knowing it was too harsh and the bill illustrates the sharp divide between Congress and the President. |
| 10 Percent Plan | Lincoln's more leninent plant to readmit Southern states. It states that only 10% of the voters in the state had to take an oath of allegiance to the United States and then the whole state could be admitted back in. Radical Republicans hated the idea because it was too easy and too rapid readmission. . |
| Radical republicans | Congress members who wanted revenge against Southern secession states. Even viewing these states as "conquered provinces" |
| Black Codes | A series of rules and laws put into effect in Southern States AFTER the Civil War that denied newly freed blacks their civil rights. The goal of the codes was to keep a subservient labor supply at the ready except now it wouldn't be called slavery it would be called "freedom." |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Guaranteed citzenship and civil rights to freed slaves. It would be a long time before the federal government ENFORCED the amendment so many states ignored it. Women were furious that it only protected a MAN's right to vote not their own. |
| Compromise of 1877. | Ended radical reconstruction of the South. The last military troops were withdrawn in 1877. Some Southern states had federal troops patrolling their streets for a decade AFTER the war was over. |
| Politics during Reconstruction | Often corrupt but produced a good deal of reform measures and legislation. |
| Ku Klux Klan | First domestic terrorist organization on US soil. Begin in Southern States due to the increased political voices of black Americans heard as they began to take public office for the first time. |
| Goal of the KKK | Keep Black Americans from participating in the political process. Use force and intimidation to keep Blacks from voting, running for office, or pressing for reform. |
| Secretary of State John Seward | Remembered for Seward's Folly or purchasing Alaska from the Russians. After his death, Seward's folly became known for a being a great gift or addition to the US. |
