| A | B |
|---|
| Franks | Strongest of Germanic tribes (modern fraance & gremany) France= Franks |
| Clovis | 1st Barbarian king to become Christian |
| Battle of Alamanni | Where Clovis won the Battle and became a Christian and was Baptized |
| Charles Martel | "Charles the Hammer" |
| Battle of tours | Charles Martel defeated invading Muslims. 1st Battle Knights wore Armor |
| Pepin Short | Son of Charles Martel. Elected by the Nobles |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome. Approved this appointment justified churches authority over political rulers |
| Charlemagne | "Charles the Great" "Holy Barbarian" |
| 4 Contributions of Charlemagne | United Europe for the first time, Spread Christianinty, Carolingian Renaissance, & Fudelism |
| tithe | 10% income paid to the church |
| Pope Leo III | Crowned Charlemagne |
| Counts | Kings Rep. who ruled a region |
| Missi Dominici | Lords Messengers |
| Carolingian Minuscule | Form of writing we use today |
| Feudalism | land grants to nobles |
| Treaty of Verdun | divided Charlemagnes Empire int 3 Kingdoms (3 grandsons after his death) |
| Charlemagnes 3 Grandsons ?Kingdoms | Charles Bald-France, Louis the German-Germany, Lothair-Middle Kingdom |
| Vik | Bay or inlet |
| Scandinavia | Norway, Sweden, & Denmark |
| Norse | Northmen |
| Berserker | Viking Warrior |
| Blood Eagle | Vikes form of torture |
| Danegeld | Gold or Silver to pay off teh Vikes (Paying through the nose) |
| Long boats | Viking Dragon Ships 70 ft long |
| Erik the Red | Viing who discovers Greenland |
| Lief Erickson | Viking who landed at Newfoundland (North America) |
| Rus | Viking warrior founded Kiev Russia |
| Rolf the Walker | Founded Normandy (Men from the North) France |
| Wotan | Norse God Chief Viking God Ruler of the Universe |
| Asgard | Viking Heaven |
| Valhalla | home of Gods |
| Thor | God of Thunder |
| Mjolnir | Thor's Hammer |
| Sagas | long stories and legends of Viking Adventures |
| fief | grants of land |
| serf | peasants |
| Fuedal Contract | unwritten rules bt. Lords & Vassal |
| Homage | Public cermony Vassals swore allegiance |
| Manor | Large Esate |
| Domain | land kept by Lord |
| Castle | Fortified home base for protecting Manor |
| Keep | Main part of the Castle |
| Moat | ditch filled with ware around the castle |
| Chain Mail | armor made of metal links |
| coat of arms | symbol of individual knight |
| joust | contest among Knights |
| William Marshall | greatest Knight of all time |
| Chivalry | code of conduct for Knights |
| Code of Chilvary | basis for dev. of good manners: Brave in Battle,Generous, Loyal,Keep your word, Courteous to Women |
| Knights | Mounted Warrior avg. age 21 |
| Squire | Knights assistant age15 |
| Paige | learn Knightly manners age7 |
| Church Hierarchy | Pope,Cradinal,Bishop,Parish Priest |
| Pope | Bishop of Rome "Papa" spiritual leader of Christendom |
| Apostle Peter | 1st Pope |
| Gregory the Great | 1st pope to hold great power |
| Cardinals | advisors to Pope (elect new popes) |
| Bishop | Manage Diocese |
| Parish Priest | religious instruction(mass) collected taxes, care sick and poor and teachers |
| Canon Law | Church laws |
| Excommunication | Kicked out of church can't recieve sacraments |
| Interdict | punish entire region/no religious services |
| Peters Pence | one penny tax on everyone in a home |
| Montasticism | ideal Christian society |
| Monks | total dediction to God |
| Missionaries | people sent out to carry religious message |
| Abbot | Head Monk of Monastery |
| Benedictine Rule | Laws regulated Monks prayer & Manual Labor |
| Pretzels | small reward for children who memorized prayers |
| St. Francis | Franciscans worked to help the poor |
| St. Dominic | Dominicans-built schools & teachers |
| Problems of the Church | Corruption,Simony,Lay Investiture,Heresy |
| Simony | buying and selling of church offfice |
| Lay Investiture | giving church authority to King or Noble |
| Heresy | question church doctrines as untrue "heretic" unbelievers |
| Inquisition | torture and execution of Heretics |
| CRUSADES | Christian Knights vs. Muslims |
| Holy Land | Jerusalem |
| Peter the Hermit | led unarmed peasants to Holy Land thousands slaughter |
| 1st Crusades | Crusaders capture Jerusalem set up 4 feudal states: Jerusalem,Edessa, Antioch, & Tripoli |
| Crusaders | Latin for Cross/soldiers of Christ |
| Red Cross | symbol of Crusaders |
| 2nd Crusades | Muslims 1st success against Christians |
| 3rd Crusade | 3 king Crusade Jerusalim fell to Muslim |
| Saladin the Magnificent | Muslim General |
| King Richard | "The Lion Hearted" |
| Knights Templar | protect Christians trabeling Holy Land |
| 4th Crusade | merchants from Venice Italy paid Crusaders to attack Constantinople looted and destroyed |
| Children Crusade | Nicolas German Boy and Stephen French Shepard led 20,000 French & German kids sold into slavery N. Africa by Hugh the iron & William the Pig |
| Wool | basis of Middle Age trade |
| Trade fairs | market place |
| Charters | guaranteed town peoples rights |
| Bourgeoisie | France- middle class |
| Burgesses | England-middle class |
| Burghers | Germany-middle class |
| Just Price | cost of material plus reasonable profit (pricing goods at what people would pay sinful) |
| Master Craftsman | Guild member |
| Journeymen | paid wages while worked for master |
| Apprentice | learn from master-no wages (age7-8) |
| Beowulf | story of Anglo-Saxon warrior defeated Grendel (monster) |
| Troubadours | traveling poet-musicians |
| The Divine Comedy | by Dante imaginary journey from heaven to hell |
| Canterbury Tales | by Chaucer-pilgrims journey to9 Canterbury England |
| Bubonic Plague | "The Black Death" 1/3 Europe died (19-38 million) Feas from Black Rats from Asia |
| Ring around the Rosie | London nursery rhyme during the plague |
| 100 year war | France vs England |
| French Civil War | Burgandy vs Orleans |
| Joan of Arc | "The Maid" French victory over 100 year war burned at teh stake |
| Danes | English called Viks |
| Dane | Gold heavy taxes paid to Danes |
| Alfred the Great | drove Danes out of England |
| Domesday Book | info on all property-tax purposes. 1st census since Roman times |
| Henry I | 1st Norman King Born in England |
| Henry II laid fondation of our legal systemCircuit Judges | traveled the country side to her cases |
| Common law | law common to ALL England |
| Eleanor of Aquitane "Queen of 4 Kings" | married King Louis VII then Henry II of England Mother of Richard I and King John of Eng. |
| Magna Carta | Great Charter(most impt documents in History) The king is not above the law |
| Sir William Wallace "Brave Heart" | Scottish Nat'l hero resisted English rule |
| Estates General | French legislative Assembly: 1st estate- Clergy, 2nd Estate Nobles, 3rd Estate-Townspeople |
| Constantinople | "Crossroads of the World" |
