| A | B |
|---|
| Liver | produces bile and breaks down toxic compounds |
| gastric juice | contains HCl, pepsinogen and mucus |
| physical digestion | breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical structure |
| esophagus | carries food from the mouth to the stomach |
| salivary glands | glands in the mouth that secrete amylase |
| ingestion | the taking in of nutrients |
| pepsin | a protein digesting enzyme found in the stomach |
| sphincter | a constrictor muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a structure |
| peristalsis | the wavelike contraction of smooth muscle |
| amylase | an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars |
| allosteric activity | a change in the shape of an enzyme caused by the binding of a molecule |
| competitive inhibitor | a molecule with the same shape as the substrate that competes for the active site |
| coenzyme | a molecule that helps an enzyme combine with a substrate |
| dehydration synthesis | the process by which a larger molecule is made by the removal of water |
| lipid | a nutrient molecule compose of glycerol and fatty acid; used for energy storage |
| protein | a chain of amino acids form the structural parts of cells |
| amino acids | a chemical that makes up proteins |
| denaturation | the process that occurs when the bonds of a protein are disrupted |
| enzyme | a biological catalyst that premits chemical reactions to proceed at lower temperatures |
| substrate | a molecule on which an enzyme works |
| villi | small fingerlike projections in the small intestine |
| duodenum | the first segment of the small intestine |
| pancreas | an organ that secretes bicarbonate ions and digestive enzymes |
| secretin | a hormone that stimulates pancreatic and bile secretions |
| enterokinase | an enzyme of the small intestine that converts trypsinogen to trypsin |
| trypsin | a protein digesting enzyme found in the small intestine |
| erepsin | a enzyme that completes protein digestion |
| lipase | a lipid digesting enzymes found in the small intestine |
| bile | a chemical released from the gall bladder that emulisfies fats |
| cholecystokinin | a hormone secreted by the small intestine that stimulates the release of bile |
| gastrin | a hormone secreted by the stomach that stimulates the release of gastric juice |
| colon | where water reabsorption occurs. |
| enterogastrone | a hormone secreted by the small intestine that decreases gastric secretions |
| monosaccharide | a single sugar unit |
| disaccharide | a sugar formed by joining two monosaccharides |
| carbohydrate | a nutrient molecule composed by sugars, used for energy |
| active site | the area of an enzyme that combines with the substrate |
| hydrolysis | the process by which larger molecules are split using water |
| polysaccharide | a carbohydrate composed of many sugar subunits |
