| A | B |
|---|
| 1789 | year of first presidential election |
| George Washington | 1st president of the United States |
| John Adams | first vice-president of the United States |
| precedent | an example that becomes standard practice |
| Mr. President | title that Washington would be referred to during his presidency |
| sounded like a king | reason Washington did not want to be called "His Excellency" |
| Federal Judiciary Act of 1789 | established a Supreme court with 6 members (chief justice and 5 judges); established other federal level courts |
| John Jay | first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court |
| state, treasury, war, justice, postal | 5 departments originally created by Congress |
| nation's defense | function of the War Department |
| financial security | function of the Treasury Department |
| cabinet | goup of department heads that gave advice to the President |
| Thomas Jefferson | secretary of state under Washington |
| Alexander Hamilton | secretary of the Treasury under Washington |
| Henry Knox | Secreatry of War under Washington |
| Edmund Randolph | 1st Attorney General |
| pay off U.S. war debts | Alexander Hamilton's most urgent task as Secretary of the Treasury |
| France, Spain, Netherlands, private citizens | Who else did the U.S. owe money to because they borrowed money from them during the Revolutionary War. |
| 52 million | total amount of foreign and domestic U.S. debt after the Revolutionary War |
| win respect of foreign nations | reason that it was important for the U.S. to pay off all foreign and domestic debt |
| pay off war debts, raise govt. revenue, create a national bank and mint | Hamilton's three step plan to Congress as a way to improve the nation's finances |
| Thomas Jefferson | helped Hamilton reach a compromise between the Northern and Southern states |
| Northerners would support placing the capital in the south if the South would back payments of war debts | debt compromise that was reached between the North and the South |
| tariffs | How Hamilton planned on raising revenue for the government |
| protective | type of tariff that is designed to promote the sale of American goods |
| safe place to keep money, make loans to businesses, issue paper money | 3 main reasons Hamilton wanted ot create a National Bank and Mint |
| encourage unhealthy partnership between the govt. and wealthy businesses; Constitutional doesn't mention a national bank | reason why Jefferson and Madison were against the creation of a National Bank and Mint |
| strict | interpretation of the Constitution in which the federal govt. has limited powers |
| loose | interpretation of the Constitution which promotes greater federal powers than what are in the Constitution |
| Elastic Clause | part of the Constitution that supported Hamilton's reason for creating the National Bank and Mint |
| formation of political parties | the differences in Hamilton and Jefferson's view led to what |
| Thomas Jefferson | resigned form Washington's cabinet |
| Chief Little Turtle | chief that had many decise victories against U.S. troops in the west |
| Spain, Britain, U.S., native Americans | nations claiming ownership of land in the Trans-Appalachian West territory after the Treaty of Paris |
| General Anthony Wayne | placed in charge of U.S. troops in an attempt to defeat Chief Little Turtle |
| Battle of Fallen Timbers | name of the battle where U.S. troops finally defeated the Miami tribe |
| Treaty of Greenville | name of the peace treaty signed between the United States and 12 different Native American tribes |
| much of present day Ohio and ports and outposts in Illinois, Michigan and Indiana | land the Native American's ceded in the 1795 treaty |
| Whiskey tax | tax that lead to the rebellion of farmers |
| Britain, Holland and Spain | countries France declared war on |
| 13,000 | number of troops sent to western Pennsylvania to put down the rebellion |
| Britain | United States number one trading partner in 1789 |
| they were both fighting for liberty and equality | way in which the French Revolution was similar to the American revolution |
| violence and the beheading of the queen and king | aspect of the French Revolution that shocked and startled Americans |
| cabinet | group of people appointed by the president to give him advice |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| inaugurate | to formally swear in or induct into office |
| attorney general | nation's top legal officer |
| Jay's Treaty | agreement that ended the dispute with Britain over American shipping during the French Revolution |
| Pinckney's Treaty | 1795 Treaty with Spain allowing U.S. commercial use of the Mississippi |
| cede | surrender, or give up |
| Northwest Territory | area bounded by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and the Great Lakes |
| neutral | not siding with any other country in dispute |
| XYZ affair | 1797 incident in which French Officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats |
| state's rights | idea that the states have certain rights that the federal government cannot overrule |
| nullification | idea that a state could cancel a federal law within the state |
| Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions | resolutions passed by Kentucky and Virginia in 1798 giving the states the right to declare acts of Congress null and void |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | series of 4 laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants |
| aliens | immigrants who are not yet citizens |
| sedition | stirring up rebellion against a government |
| Federalists | people who supported a strong national government |
| foreign policy | relations with the governments of other nations |
