| A | B |
|---|
| What is the complementary base sequence for this DNA strand: A-T-C-G-T-A | T-A-G-C-A-T |
| What is the structure of DNA called? | Double helix |
| What are the three differences between DNA and RNA strands? | DNA is a double strand of bases, RNA is a single strand. DNA is made of deoxyribose sugars, RNA is made of ribose sugars. DNA has the nitrogen base of Thymine. RNA has the nitrogen base of Uracil instead of Thymine. |
| What is the sugar component of DNA? | Deoxyribose |
| DNA and RNA are similar because they both contain _________ | Nucleotides |
| What are the components that make up a DNA nucleotide? | Deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate, nitrogen bases (A, T, G, C) |
| The building blocks of both DNA and RNA are called? | nucleotides |
| In 1953, what scientists came up with the structure of DNA? | Watson and Crick |
| During DNA replication or during the process of transcription for making proteins, between what part of the DNA strand does it start to unzip? | Between the nitrogen bases, breaking the hydrogen bonds. |
| If the DNA template strand is A-C-T-G, what is the complimentary RNA strand? | U-G-A-C |
| Hydrogen bonds connect what part of the DNA molecule? | The hydrogen bonds connect the base pairs together. |
| The structures of A-C-G-T are know as what? | Nitrogenous bases |
| What two molecules make up the "rungs" of the ladder on the DNA molecule? | Deoxyribose 5 carbon sugar and the phosphate. |
| During the formation of mRNA, what does Adenine pair with? | Uracil |
| During protein synthesis, what is the purpose of DNA? | To serve as a template to make mRNA. |
| If the DNA template strand has bases of A-C-G-T-A, what is the mRNA strand that would match with this? | U-G-C-A-U (remember that in RNA, instead of thymine, uracil pairs with adenine) |
| DNA is always found in... | the nucleus |
| What is transcription? | The process of the mRNA forming based on the template DNA. |
| Where does transcription happen in the cell? | Happen in the nucleus. |
| What is translation? | When the rRNA (ribosome) reads the mRNA and has the correct tRNA bring the amino acids to start making a protein molecule. |
| Where does translation happen? | It happens in the cytoplasm. |
| What is the key organelle during translation? | Ribosome is what reads the mRNA. |
| What RNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes? | tRNA |
| The genetic code for one amino acids molecule consists of ________ nucleotides. | three nucleotides |
| What determines the sequence of nucleotides on the RNA molecule? | The base sequence of the original DNA molecule that served as a template. |
| In messenger RNA (mRNA) the start codon is always _________ | AUG |
