| A | B |
|---|
| qualitative date | texture, color, and hardness |
| A scientist uses this method of gathering data | scientific survey |
| Truths about scientific data | They can be thought of as scienfific models; they suggest new areas of research; they help explain a body of data |
| the most important contribution made to modern chemistry by alchemists | the experimental approach |
| the branch of cemistry that primarily studies compounds containing carbon | organic chemistry |
| the ability of a material to be drawn into wires | ductility |
| The average temperature of the sun is 5776 K. What is this temp in Fahrenheit | ? |
| The amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius is defined as a | ? |
| Characteristics of solids | fixed volume; particles rigidly held at fixed intervals; relatively low kinetic energy |
| Elements have been anme for these | pleaces; colors; and heavenly bodies |
| One gallon of gasoline has a mass of 2540 g. What is the density of gasoline? | ? |
| Steps in solving problems | estimating; calculating; checking |
| a non-metric unit that is often used with SI prefixes | second |
| The measurement of 0.037010 m has how many significant digits? | ? |
| What indicates the precision of an instrument and helps scientists report measurements honestly | ? |
| This system of measurement is any system of measurement based on a decimal scale | ? |
| hundredth | centi- |
| million | mega- |
| tenth | deci- |
| billionth | micro- |
| thousandth | milli- |
| thousand | kilo- |
| You measure the mass of a product in a chemical reaction to be 1.87 g. Theoretical calculations predict that you should have obtained 1.95 g. What is the percent error? | 4.10% error |
| Which of these has the greatest number of significant digits? 35 620 cars, 2.35 m, or 25 000 mL | 2.35 m all are significant |
| Bridge notation, convert 463 kg to mg | 4.63 x 10 to the ninth power |
| bridge notation, convert 342 mm to dm | 3.42 dm |
| Perform, observing significant digits: (26.9 cm)(5.0 m) | ? |
| Perform observign significant digits: 7.491 m + 60.2 m + 1.00224 m | ? |
| Perform observing significant digits: 16.1 mL - 6.81 mL - 0.00032 mL | ? |
| Give 4 of 7 base units of the SI and the basic dimension that each represents | ? |
| Find the volume in mL occupied by 454 g of copper, which has a density 8.92 g/mLelectron configuration for aluminum (atomic number 13) | 1s(squared)2s(squared)2p(sixth) 3s(squared) 3p(one) |
| how many electrons can a d sublevel hold | 10 |
| The s, p, d, and f sublevels are identified by what type of quantum numbers | azimuthal |
| How many neutrons does the isotope 125/52 Te havew? | 73 |
| Naturally occurring silver consists of two isotopes: 51.82% 107/47 Ag (106.9051 u) and 48.18% 109/47 Ag (108.9047 u). What is the atomic mass of silver | 107.9u |
| has the idea that any sample of water alwasy contains 8 g of oxygen for every 1 g of hydrogen | law of definite composition |
| first model to include atoms of each element having different masses | ? |
| helped explain line spectra | ? |
| states that it is impossible to know both the energy and the exact position of an electron at the same time | Heisenberg uncertainty principle |
| describes how electrons fill orbitals | ? |
| describes how electrons fill a sublevel | Hund's rule |
| states that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers | ? |
| Which has the least mass--electron, proton, or neutron | ? |
| What is the electron configuration and the orbital notation of 31/15P | 1s(squared2s(squared)2p(sixth)/3s(squared3p(cubed) and [Ne] 76 7 7 7 |
| responsible for proposing rthe wave nature of the elevtron | DeBroglie |
| Mass number = | number of protons plus number of neutrons |
| What is determined by the weighted averages of isotopes on an element | ? |
| What is the isotopic notation for an atom (use the symbol "X") having 33 protons, 42 neutrons, and 33 electrons | ? |
| Niels Bohr, in his model of the atom, proposed the concept of _______ that were envisioned as a set of concentric circular tracks on which _______orbited | ? |
| The electrons in the outermost energy level that are important in bonding are called | valence elecrrons |
| the electron-dot notation for sulfur | ? |
| A negatively charged ion is called an | anion |
| Write the ground state electron configuration and the orbital notation for bromine | 1s(squared2s(squared)2p(sixth)3s(squared3p(sixth/4s(squared)3d(tenth)4p(fifth) and ? |
| Who arranged a number of the elements in trids, based on similar properties? | Dobereiner |
| Whose work resulted in the revision of the periodic law and the atomic number being used as the organizing factor for the elements of the periodic table? | ? |
| In general, where are the nonmetals located on the periodic table? | the far right side |
| Mendeleev's periodic table arranged elements by | ? |
| Existing as diatomic molecules, this gas is tasteless, colorless, and odorless, and it accounts for approximately 78% of the earth's atmosphere | ? |
| Which nonmetallic element is referred to as brimstone in the Bilbe and exists in a variety of forms, including a brittle, yellow, crystalline solid in its native form? | sulfur |
| All the metals in the p block of the periodic table are called | post-transition metals |
| According to the big bang theory, the very first elements would probably have been | H and HE |
| helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon | noble gases |
| oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur | nonmetals |
| good conductors of heat and electricity; usually hard, lustrous, malleable, and ductile | metals |
| semiconductors | metalloids |
| fluoring, chloringe, bromine, iodine, and astatine | halogens |
| having characterisitcs of both metals and nonmetals | metalloids |
| copper, nickel, zing, platinum, mercury, calcium, and potassium | metals |
| generally gases or soft solids | ? |
| boron, silicon, arsenic, germanium, antimony, tellurium, and astatine | ? |
| horizontal rows in the periodic table | period or series |
| the name given to B group elements | transition-metals |
| elemens with atomic numbers greater than that of uranium are called | ? |
| the lanthanide and actinide series together compose what grouping on the periodic table | ? |
| Why do elements in the same family have similar physical and chemical properties? | They line up and share similar electron configuations |
| What periodic trend plays a central role in predicting how atoms combine chemically with each other? | ? |
| CsI | ionic bonding |
| electron-sea theory | metallic bondingq |
| CCI4 | covalent bonding |
| PO3-/4 | ? |
| attraction between oppositely charged ions | ionic bonding |
| I2 | covalent bonding |
| Fe3AI | metallic bonding |
| Na2O | ionic bonding |
| one or more pairs of shared electrons | covalent bonding |
| An | metallic bonding |
| PH3 | pyramidal |
| HCN | linear |
| Ch20 | trigonal planar |
| Cf2Cl2 | tetrahedral |
| OCl2 | ? |
| HF | ? |
| O3 | bent |
| the theory that states that covalent bonds are formed when orbitals of different atoms overlap | valence bond |
| The assumption that molecular shapes are largely determined by the repulsion of regions of electron concentration is known as the VSEPR | VSEPR |
| the process by which new kinds of orbitals of equal energy are formed from a combination of orbitals of different energies is known as ________ | hybridization |
| A______________is the vector sum of all bond polarities that exist in a molecule | dipole moment |
| The symbols 8- and 8+ represent the partial________________ | of a polar molecule |
