| A | B |
|---|
| gametes | an organism's reproductive cells |
| binary fission | a form of sexual reproduction that produces identical offspring |
| gene | segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule |
| chromosomes | the DNA and the proteins associated with DNA |
| chromatids | the two exact copies of DNA that make of the chromosome |
| centromere | where the chromatids are attached |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that are similar in size, shape, and genetic content |
| diploid | what we call a cell when it contains two sets of chromosomes |
| haploid | what we call a cell when it contains only one set of chromosomes |
| zygote | a fertilized egg cell |
| autosomes | chromosomes that are not directly involved in determining the gender (sex) of an individual |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that will determine whether an individual is male or female |
| karyotype | a photo of the chromosomes in a dividing cell that shows the chromosomes arranged by size |
| cell cycle | the repeating sequence of cellular growth and division during the life of an organism |
| interphase | the first three phases of the cell cycle |
| mitosis | the process during cell division in which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei |
| cytokinesis | the process during cell division when the cytoplasm divides |
| cancer | the uncontrolled growth of cells |
| spindles | cell structures made up of both centrioles and individual microtuble fibers |
| Which phase occurs directly after metaphase? | anaphase |
| During which phase do chromosomes first become visible? | prophase |
| Which structure is responsible for moving the chromosomes during mitosis? | spindles |
| Cytokinesis begins in which phase? | telophase |
