| A | B |
|---|
| Heredity | The passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring |
| Genetics | Branch of biology that studies heredity |
| Traits | Characteristics that are inherited |
| Gametes | The sex cells |
| Pollination | The transfer of the male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower |
| Fertilization | When the male gamete in the pollen grain meets and fuses with the female gamete in the ovule |
| Hybrid | Offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait |
| Dominant | The observed trait |
| Recessive | The disappeared trait, or trait that does not show |
| Law of segregation | The random pairing of gametes during fertilization |
| Phenotype | The way an organism looks |
| Genotype | The gene combination of an organism |
| Homozygous | When two alleles for a trait are the same |
| Heterozygous | When two alleles for a trait are different |
| Law of independent assortment | When genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other |
| Diploid | A cell with two of each kind of chromosome |
| Haploid | A cell with one of each kind of chromosome |
| Homologous chromosomes | Two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell |
| Meiosis | Cell division wich produces gametes containing half the number of chromosomes as a parent cell |
| Sperm | Male gamete |
| Egg | Female gamete |
| Zygote | The resulting cell when a sperm fertilizes an egg. |
| Sexual reproduction | The production and subsequent fusion of haploid sex cells |
| Crossing over | When two homologous chromosomes can actually exchange genetic material |
| Genetic Recombination | Reassortment of genetic material by crossing over or independent assortment |
| Non disjunction | The failure of homoloous chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis |
| Pea Plants | The plants Mendel worked with |
| Gregor Mendel | The father of genetics |
| P 1 | The abbreviation for parent generation |
| F 1 | The abbreviation for the first generation |
| F 2 | The abbreviation for the second generation |
| Monohybrid Cross | The cross of one trait |
| Dihybrid Cross | The cross of two traits |
| Punnett Squares | A tool for showing all the possible combination of gametes and the likelihood they will occur. |
| The 7 traits Mendel chose for with the pea plants | Shape, seed color, flower color, flower position, pod color, pod shape, plant height |
| 2n | diploid |
| n | haploid |
| Chromosome | Made up of many genes and found in nucleus |
| Mitosis | Type of cell division that occurs in all cells except sex cells |
| 46 | Number of chromosomes in human body cells |
| 23 | Number of pairs of chromosomes in human cells |
| Alleles | Pair of genes |
| Incomplete Dominance | When neither pair of allesles is dominant over the other such as a pink flower from a red and white flower |
