| A | B |
|---|
| respiration | exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| nares/nostrils | external openings of the nasal cavity |
| paranasal sinus | air-filled cavity within the skull that is lined with mucous membrane; makes bones of the face lighter and gives resonance to voice |
| pharynx | throat |
| nasopharynx | the portion of the throat behind the nasal cavity |
| oropharynx | the portion of the throat behind the oral cavity (mouth) |
| laryngopharynx | portion of the throat that connects to the larynx |
| larynx | voice box or chamber at the end of the upper respiratory tract; contains the vocal cords |
| epiglottis | flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing |
| trachea | windpipe; tube that extends from the larynx to the bronchi; kept open by c-shaped rings of cartilage |
| bronchus | tube that air from the trachea and directs it into the lungs |
| bronchiole | small branch of a bronchus |
| alveolus | tiny air sac surrounded by a network of capillaries, found at the end of the terminal bronchioles; site of gas exchange |
| lungs | organs that contain the alveoli and bronchial tree |
| pleura | double-layered membrane that surround the outside of the lungs; protect the lungs and reduce friction |
| parietal pleura | part of the pleura that is adhered to the thoracic wall |
| visceral pleura | part of the pleura that is adhered to the lung |
| pleural space | airtight space between the two layers of pleura that is filled with pleural fluid |
| diaphragm | muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity |
| inspiration/inhalation | drawing air into the lungs; occurs when diaphragm contracts and moves downward |
| exhalation/expiration | forcing air out of the lungs; occurs when diaphragm relaxes and rises |
| otolaryngologist | surgeon who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the ear, nose and throat; ENT |
| respirologist | specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the respiratory system |
| lobe | division of the lung; right lung has 3, left lung has 2 |
| nose | entrance to the respiratory tract; has two openings called nares |
| nose, pharynx, larynx | structures of the upper respiratory tract |
| trachea, bronchi, lungs | structures of the lower respiratory tract |
| nasal cavity | area behind the nose lined by mucous membrane and cilia; cilia move contaminated mucus forward to the nose for expulsion, or backward toward the throat for swallowing |
| adenoids | masses of lymphatic tissue located in the nasopharynx |
| palatine tonsils | masses of lymphatic tissue located in the oropharynx |
| external respiration | exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood |
| internal respiration | exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue cells |
| pleural fluid | fluid found in the pleural space; works to reduce friction and help the pleural layers adhere to each other |
| oxygen | common element of the body; used in a cellular chemical reaction to produce energy |
| carbon dioxide | molecule that is a waste product of energy production |
| vocal cords / folds | structures that vibrate to produce sound when air is passed through them; found in the larynx |
| mucus | thick, sticky substance that helps to filter, warm and moisten air drawn into the respiratory system |
| cilia | fine hairs in the respiratory that move contaminated mucus |
| olfactory receptors | chemoreceptors at the top of the nasal cavity that detect airborne molecules and trigger the perception of smell |
| terminal bronchiole | smallest branches of the bronchial tree that lead to the alveoli |
| intercostal muscles | muscles between the ribs; contract to expand the ribcage |
