| A | B |
|---|
| Romulus & Remus | Twin brothers who, according to legend, founded Rome |
| Horatius | Hero who defended the bridge outside Rome from the Etruscans |
| Hamilcar Barca | Carthaginian general during the First Punic War, father of Hannibal and Hasdrubal |
| Hannibal Barca | Carthaginian general during Second Punic War, crossed the Alps with elephants, fought many battles in Italy, never attacked Rome, defeated at Zama by Scipio |
| Scipio | Roman general sent to attack Carthage during the Second Punic War, defeated Hannibal at Zama to end the war |
| Hasdrubal Barca | Brother of Hannibal, came to aid Hannibal but was captured by the Romans who cut off his head and rolled it into Hannibal's camp |
| plebeians | members of the poorer class in Rome, did much of the work and fought as the regular soldiers in the army |
| patricians | members of the wealthy class in Rome, owned most of the land, had most of the power in the government |
| Tiberius & Gaius Gracchus (the Gracchi) | brothers who became tribunes, tried to help the plebeians by land reforms, patricians fought and killed them |
| Julius Caesar | popular general, first dictator of Rome, made many reforms to help the poor, murdered in 44 BC by other political leaders who feared his power |
| Caesar Augustus | first Roman Emperor, restored law and order, leader at beginning of Pax Romana, emperor at the time of Christ's birth |
| Pax Romana | Roman Peace, lasted about 200 years, Christ was born during this time |
| Nero | Roman emperor known for his hatred of and cruelty toward Christians, probably insane, murdered his own mother |
| Diocletian | first emperor to divide Roman Empire into two parts, ruled in the East and chose ruler for the West |
| Constantine I | Emperor who made Christianity legal, helped to stop much of the persecution of Christians, set up new capital in the East at Byzantium |
| Theodosius I | Emperor who made Christianity the religion of the Roman Empire |
| Archimedes | mathematician and inventor who discovered the laws of levers |
| Paul | first called Saul, became the greatest missionary of the Christian Church |
| Peter | disciple of Jesus, became head of the early Christian Church, according to some people he was the first Pope - head of the Roman Catholic Church |
| Arius | early Church leader who taught that Jesus was not God, the Council of Nicea concluded he was wrong |
| "catholic" | the whole Christian Church, means - whole or everywhere |
| Polycarp | an elderly bishop who considered it an honor to be a martyr for Christ, willing to be burned to death rather than curse Christ |
| deacon | church officer whose main task was to care for the sick and the poor |
| bishop | a well-qualified elder or priest in charge of the ministry of a church; the main task was to teach and to rule |
