| A | B |
|---|
| Who invented the telephone? | Alexander Graham Bell |
| What is social Darwinism? | It is the belief that only the fittest businesses and/or individuals succeed in society |
| How did the labor force change during the Second Industrial Revolution? | Skilled workers were being replaced by unskilled machine workers |
| How did life change for the workers as a result of factory specialization in the late 1800s? | Workers jobs became more repetitive as they repeated the same step over and over, became bored, injuries increased, and work was tiring. |
| How did the government respond to the Homestead and Pullman Strikes of the late 1800s? | Federal troops and state militias were sent in to break up the strikes. |
| What event led to the weakening of the Knights of Labor? | The Haymarket Riot of 1886 in Chicago. |
| How did Andrew Carnegie deal with the striking union workers at his Homestead Steel Mill in Pennsylvania in 1892? | He locked the workers out of the factory and hired strikebreakers |
| Who was Frederick W. Taylor? | He was an efficiency expert who wrote a book urging managers to view workers as merely interchangeable parts of the production process. Because of his book, factory conditions grew worse and repetitive work became boring, tiresome, and more injuries occurred. |
| What powered the first airplane flown by the Wright Brothers? | A gas-powered engine |
| What were the strategies of vertical and horizontal integration designed to do? | eliminate competition and control every step of the production process |
| What business strategy seeks to control each step of the production process? | Vertical integration |
| Why did many reformers fear the influence of big business? | They feared that big business held too much financial control over the policies of the government |
| Why did working conditions decline during the late 1800s? | Big business was driven by an emphasis on high profits and efficiency |
| Why did labor unions form? | Workers needed to organize to increase their bargaining power to bring about better pay, a shorter workday, and better benefits and working conditions |
| Who was Samuel Gompers? | He was the President of the American Federation of labor (AFL) who believed that workers woulod have to organize to negotiate for better wages |
| What business strategy did John D. Rockefeller employ when he gained ownersip of about 90% of the oil refining business in the USA? | Horizontal integration |
| What 1890 law made it illegal to create monopolies? | The sherman Antitrust Act |
| Who was the inventor of a light bulb? | Thomas Edison |
| How was the telegraph digfferent from the telephone? | The telegraph could only carry "coded" messages using the Morse Code. |
| How did John D. Rockefeller gain control of the oil refining business? | He practiced horizontal integration by purchasing all of the businesses in the oil refining industry or by driving competition out of business. |
| How did Andrew Carnegie control his production costs in the steel industry? | He employed the vertical integration strategy by owning businesses involved in each step of the manufacturing of steel. |
| How were the Knights of Labor different from the American Federation of Labor? | The Knights of Labor accepted both skilled and unskilled workers in its ranks. The AFL accepted only skilled workers. |
| What is collective bargaining? | It is the idea that workers acting together as a group have more negotiating power. |
| What is the Bessemer Process? | Hot air is blown through melted iron to remove impurities in the steelmaking process. This process made steelmaking quicker and cheaper. |
| Who was Henry Ford? | He utilized the moving assemby line in his manufacturing of the Model T car. This made the car more affordable and transformed the America. |
| Who was Andrew Carnegie? | He was a businessman who utilized the vertical integration strategy to own every step in the production process of steelmaking. When he sold the Carnegie Steel Company, he became the wealthiest man in America. |
| What is horizontal integration? | It is the ownership of many businesses in the same field |
| What is a corporation? | It is a business that sells portions of ownership called stock shares. |
