| A | B |
|---|
| subcontinent | a large piece of land that extends beneath a continent (India) |
| pictograms | earliest written symbols for words |
| Persia | large empire known for tolerance of conquered people, an imperial bureaucracy, Zoroastrianism, and the Great Royal Road (today the nation of Iran) |
| Aryans | invaders to India via the Hindu Kush Mountains and Khyber Pass who created a rigid class structure |
| Hindu Kush | mountains northwest of the Indus River |
| Khyber Pass | a path of invasion into the Indus Valley |
| Indus River | the location of India?s first civilization and the ancient cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro |
| Ganges River | an important river in northeastern India where the Aryans eventually settled |
| Gupta Empire | India?s golden age with contributions in many areas |
| Great Royal Road | an important infrastructure for trade and transportation across the Persian Empire from the cities of Sardis to Susa |
