| A | B |
|---|
| optimum pitch | the tone at which a speaker's vocal are the most open and voice is most relaxed |
| pitch / tone | the frequency of vibration of anything that makes a sound (the "highs" and "lows" of voice quality) |
| rate | the speed at which sounds, words, sentences and paragraphs are spoken |
| pause | a hesitation in speech |
| controlled pause | a hesitation in speech made on purpose to help get the point of a speech across to the audience |
| empty pause | an unplanned or unhelpful hesitation in speech that hinders rather than helps the message |
| volume | the energy used to produce a sound (more energy = louder volume) |
| posture | the position of the spine, shoulders, hips and associated muscles |
| enunciation | careful pronunciation |
| articulation | careful pronunciation |
| articulators | mouth parts that are used to produce particular sounds (tongue, lips, teeth, dental ridge, palate, uvula) |
| the rocket | an exercise for pitch control |
| the dolphin | an exercise for strengthening the diaphragm & abdominal muscles for control of air flow from the lungs |
| the optimum pitch level test | an exercise to locate one's personal optimum pitch |
| tongue-twister | a series of words requiring very careful articulation in order to be pronounced correctly |
| the complete breath | a yoga exercise designed to fill the entire lung (rather than just the top 1/3) with air |
| the rag doll | an exercise to relax muscles throughout the body and in the production of speech |
| respiration | the act of breathing |
| head roll | an exercise for loosening the neck, head and facial muscles |
| yawn | a deep (often involuntary) inhalation that fills the entire lung AND relaxes the voice |
| force | the volume or energy with which one speaks; used to emphasize |
| gesture | movements of the head and body during speaking |
| expression | variation of the facial muscles and/or voice to emphasize the spoken message |
| body language | the silent messages provided (either intentionally or not!) by your whole body when you speak |
| emphasis | stress of sound on particular syllables to aid or clarify meanings of words and sentences |
| variant | something that is changed from the original; in speech, it is what we can change about our speaking (pitch, rate, volume, pause, emphasis, gesture, expression...) |
