| A | B |
|---|
| Diploid | two sets of chromosomes (full set) |
| Homologous chromosomes | chromosome pairs one from each parent. They have the same length, and have genes for the same characteristic at the same location, |
| Centromere | the region where sister chromatids are held together and is the point of attachment to the spindle fibers. |
| Asexual Reproduction | reproduction where there is no exchange in genetic material. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent |
| Sexual Reproduction | reproduction where there is an exchange of genetic material, providing genetic variability. |
| Haploid | one sets of chromosomes (half set). Found in gametes |
| Gametes | sex cells -sperm and egg cells that undergo meiosis |
| Somatic cells | body cells undergo mitosis |
| Chromatin | stringy resting phase of chromosomes, found in Interpahse |
| Sister chromatid | pair of identical DNA molecules after DNA replication; they are joined at the centromere |
| Ova | the egg ovum more than one egg |
| Mitosis | the division of nuclear material |
| Centriole | organelle found only in animal cells, made of micortubles that make spindle fibers during mitosis |
| Cell plate | The structure that forms during cytokinesis in plants, separating the two |
| Zygote | The 2n fertilized egg. A zygote is formed by the union of egg and sperm |
| Spindle Fibers | Structure consisting mainly of microtubules It provides the football shaped framework that allows the chromosomes to move to the opposite poles during cell division |
| Metaphase | The stage of mitosis, and of meiosis I and II, in which the chromosomes line up in the middle. Occurs after prophase and before anaphase |
| Prophase | The first stage of mitosis, and of meiosis I and II. The chromosomes become visible, the nucleus breaks down, |
| Anaphase | The third stage of mitosis, and of meiosis I and II During anapase the chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles by the contracting spindle fibers |
| Telophase | The last stage of mitosis, and of meiosis I and II, the chromosome have reached the poles and begin to uncoil and go back to chromatin, a nuclear envelope reforms |
