| A | B |
|---|
| trait | variation of a particular inherited character |
| genetics | study of heredity |
| cross fertilization | process by which sperm from one flower's pollen fertilizes the eggs in a flower of a different plant |
| hybrid | offspring of two different true-breeding varieties |
| monohybrid cross | mating of two organisms that differ in only one character |
| homozygous | having identical alleles for a gene |
| heterozygous | having different alleles for a gene |
| dominant | descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that appears to be the only one affecting a trait |
| recessive | descriptive of an allele in a heterozygous individual that does not appear to affect a trait |
| Punnett square | diagram showing the probabilities of the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| phenotype | observable traits of an organism |
| genotype | genetic makeup of an organism; an organism's combination of alleles |
| test cross | mating of an individual of unknown genotype but dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive individual |
| dihybrid cross | mating of two organisms that differ in two characters |
| allele | alternative form of a gene |
| intermediate inheritance | inheritance in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes |
| codominance | inheritance pattern in which a heterozygote expresses the distinct traits of both alleles |
| polygenic inheritance | combined effect of two or more genes on a single character |
| chromosomal theory of inheritance | generalization that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis and fertilization accounts for inheritance patterns |
| gene locus | specific location of a gene on a chromosome |
| genetic linkage | tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together |
| sex linked gene | gene located on a sex chromosome |
