| A | B |
|---|
| charging by contact | process of transferring charge between objects by touching or rubbing p. 195 |
| charging by induction | process of rearranging electrons on a neutral object by bringing a charged object cl |
| conductor | material in which electrons are able to move more easily |
| electric field | area over which electric force has an effect |
| electron | negatively charged particle surrounding the nuclei of atoms |
| electroscope | a device used to detect electric charge p. 199 |
| grounding | the process of connecting a charged object to the Earth by a conductor in order to provide a path for excess charge to follow safely |
| insulator | material in which electrons are not able to move easily p 195 |
| law of conservation of charge | states that charge can be transferred from one object to another but cannot be created or destroyed (p. 193) |
| proton | positively charged particle found in the nuclei of atoms p. 192 |
| static electricity | the accumulation of excess electric charge on an object p. 192 |
| ampere | the unit of electric current, sometimes shortened to "amp", defined as one coulomb of charge per second p. 200 |
| circuit | a closed path that electric current follows p. 201 |
| electric current | the net movement of electric charges in a single direction p. 200 |
| Ohm's law | states that the current in a circuit equals the voltage difference divided by the resistance or 1 = V/R where 1 is the current in amperes, V is the voltage difference in volts and R is the resistance in ohms. Can be restated as V = IR or R = V/I p. 205 |
| resistance | the tendency for a material to oppose the flow of electrons, changing electrical energy into thermal energy and light. Resistance is measured in ohms |
| voltage difference | the amount of joules of electrical potential energy per coulomb of charge. Related to the force that causes electric charges to flow. Measured in volts p. 200 |
| circuit breaker | a device that prevents a circuit from overheating and causing a fire. It contains a small piece of metal that bends when the current passing through is so large that it gets hot.This flips a switch and opens the circuit p. 210 |
| fuse | a device which contains a small piece of metal that melts if the current in a circuit becomes too high. The melting breaks the circuit, stopping the flow of current. |
| electric power | the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy. p. 210 |
| kilowatt hour | the unit of electrical energy |
| parallel circuit | a circuit that has two or more branches to move through p. 208 |
| series circuit | a circuit that has only one path for current to flow through p. 207 |
