| A | B |
|---|
| cell cycle | the life cycle of the cell |
| chromosome | a coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division |
| binary fission | the simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes with matching information |
| chromatids | identical chromosome copies |
| centromere | the region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated |
| mitosis | nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants capture energy from the sun and convert it into sugar (glucose) |
| cellular respiration | the process of producing ATP in the cell from oxygen and glucose |
| fermentation | the breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low |
| active transport | the movement of particles through proteins in the cell membrane against the direction of diffusion; requires the cell to use energy |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a cell membrane |
| passive transport | the diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| endocytosis | the process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and brings it into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process used to remove large particles from a cell |
