| A | B |
|---|
| Tarsal Glands | produce an oily secretion that lubricates the eye |
| Conjunctiva | delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers part of the outer surface of the eyeball |
| Lacrimal Glands | These release a dilute salt solution onto the anterior surface of the eyeball |
| Lysozyme | enzyme that destroys bacteria |
| Fibrous Layer | outermost layer that consists of the sclera and the cornea |
| Sclera | firm, white fibrous outer layer of the eyeball; protects and maintains eyeball shape |
| Cornea | transparent anterior portion of the eyeball |
| Vascular Layer | middle layer of the eyeball which is divided into three regions |
| Choroid | blood-rich area that contains a dark pigment to prevent scattering of light |
| Iris | pigmented, involuntary muscle that controls the size of the pupil |
| Sensory Layer | inner most layer of the eye |
| Retina | Sensory layer that contains the photoreceptors |
| Rods | photoreceptor for vision in less intense light; no color |
| Cones | photoreceptors responsible for colored vision and vision in intense light |
| Photoreceptors | Specialized receptor cells that respond to light |
| Optic Nerve | carries impulses from the photoreceptors to the brain |
| Optic Disc | Known as the blind spot, only spot where photoreceptors are not distributed |
| Fovea Centralis | tiny pit that contains only cones |
| Aqueous Humor | clear watery fluid anterior to the lens |
| Vitreous Humor | A gel like substance posterior to the lens |
| Fundus | Posterior wall of the eye containing blood vessels |
| Accommodation | Ability of the eye to focus specifically on close objects |
| Optic Chiasma | partial crossover of fibers of the optic nerve to opposite sides of the brain |
| Optic Tracts | Fiber tracts that contain medial nerves that cross and lateral nerves from their own sides of the head |
| Photopupillary Reflex | constriction of the eyes when exposed to bright light |
| Accommodation Pupillary reflex | constriction of pupils when focusing on a close object |
| Mechanoreceptors | Receptors that respond to physical forces such as movement and vibrations |
| Auricle | shell shaped structure surrounding the auditory canal opening |
| External Acoustic Meatus | short narrow chamber in the temporal bone |
| Ceruminous Glands | Secretes ear wax to provide a sticky trap for foreign bodies and to repel insects |
| Tympanic Membrane | ear drum |
| Ossicles | Three bones that transmit the vibratory motion of the ear drum to the fluids of the inner ear |
| Cochlea | Spiral shaped, auditory portion of the inner ear |
| Vestibule | Connects the cochlea and semicircular canals in the inner ear |
| Semicircular Canals | Three circular tubes inside the inner ear that function in balance |
| Perilymph | Plasma-like fluid inside the bony labyrinth |
| Endolymph | thicker fluid inside the membranous labyrinth |
| Maculae | receptors that report on changes in position of the head w/ respect to gravity |
| Static Equilibrium | Type of balance concerned with changes of the position of the head in response to gravity |
| Otoliths | Tiny stones made of calcium salts |
| Dynamic Equilibrium | Responds to angular or rotatory movements of the head |
| Crista Ampullaris | swollen region at the base of each membranous semicircular canal. |
| Spiral Organ of Corti | Contains the hearing receptors inside the cochlea |
| Cochlear Nerve | Transmits impulses from the cochlea to the temporal lobe |
| Chemoreceptors | Receptors that respond to chemicals |
| Olfactory Recetors | Receptors for the sense of smell |
| Olfactory Nerve | Transmits impulses from the nose to the olfactory cortex of the brain |
| Taste Buds | receptors for the sense of taste |
| Presbyopia | With age the lens lose their elasticity affecting the ability to focus for close vision |
