| A | B |
|---|
| Advertisement | A form of writing that promotes a product |
| Editorial | A story in a newspaper that focuses on community |
| Feature Story | A most important story in the newspaper |
| Analogy | comparison of two pairs of words that each share the same relationship—EX: apple is to fruit as carrot is to vegetable |
| Type | dog : animal |
| Characteristics | marshmallow : soft |
| Association | hammer : nail |
| Operator | horse : rider |
| Degree | sad : distraught |
| Mathematical | 3 : 4 |
| Number | mouse : mice |
| Simile | Comparison using like |
| Metaphor | Comparison of 2 things by saying they are the same thing |
| Personification | Giving a non-living object or animal human characteristics |
| Hyperbole | An exaggeration |
| Pun | A play on the multiple meanings of words |
| Oxymoron | Contradiction EX: Small Giant |
| Idiom | a phrase the means something different from the literal meanings of the words separate |
| Setting | The time and place that the story takes place |
| Characters | The people in the story |
| Dynamic Character | A character that changes throughout and as a result of the story |
| Static Character | A character who stays the same throughout the story |
| Protagonist | is the main character in a literary work. Often |
| Conflict | The main problem that occurs in the story |
| External Conflict | A problem that take place outside of the character. |
| Man vs. Man | The main character against another character or characters |
| Man vs. Nature | The main character against something in nature |
| Man vs. Society | The main character against a belief of society |
| Man vs. Supernatural | The main character against a ghost or something outside of this world |
| Man vs. Technology | The main character against some type of technology |
| Internal Conflict | Man vs. Self—The main character against something within themselves |
| Plot | the events in the story |
| Initiating Event | The starting event. The FIRST thing to happen in the story. |
| Exposition | The introduction of a short story. Introduces the characters |
| Rising action | All the major events that lead up to the climax |
| Climax | The turning point of the story. The most exciting event. Where the resolution becomes obvious |
| Falling Action | The events that follow the climax and wrap up the story |
| Resolution | How the conflict is fixed or solved |
| Voice/Tone | The voice the author uses in the story to get across his message |
| Serious | Sincere |
| Solemn | Gloomy |
| Sarcastic | Mocking |
| Objective | Not influenced by personal opinion or emotion |
| Enthusiastic | Interest or excitement |
| Humorous | Funny |
| Hostile | Angry or mad; Defensive |
| Disapproving | To not agree with |
| Personal | Means something to you |
| Impersonal | Doesn’t mean much to you. You can be objective |
| Upbeat | Happy |
| Gloomy | Sad |
| Theme | The message or lesson you learn from reading the story. The moral |
| Primary Them | The most important theme of the story. |
| Point of View | the way the story is told and who is telling the story |
| First Person | From the characters point of view. Uses the person pronoun I |
| Third Person Limited | A narrator tells the story but is only aware of the thoughts |
| Third Person Omniscient | A narrator that knows the thoughts |
| Foreshadowing | A hint of what is to come later in the story |
| Speech | A public address |
| Essay | A short composition on one subject |
| Biography | A written account of someone’s life by an outside writer |
| Mystery | A story that uses clues to solve a problem |
| Tall-Tale | A story that exaggerates the setting or characters and the conflict and is obviously untrue but is told as though it should be believed. Ex. Paul Bunyon |
| Folk Tale | A story composed orally and then passed from person to person by word of mouth. |
| Fantasy | A story based on fantastic (unreal or imaginary) elements |
| Nonfiction | A story that is true and can be proven with research |
| History | A story that takes place in the past and is accurate to time in which the story takes place |
| Fiction | Literature that includes short stories and novels that are invented (made up) or imagined |
| Science Fiction | A short story that deals with outer space |
| Poetry | A type of rhythmic verse that is written in lines and usually rhymes |
| Autobiography | A written account of someone’s life written by that person. |
| Drama | A play. Ex. The Diary of Anne Frank |
| Imagery | Writing that appeals to your 5 senses. Usually your sense of sight |
| Symbolism | Something that has a meaning within itself but can stand for something outside of itself |
| Rhyme | When the endings of words sound alike |
| Rhyme Scheme or Rhyme Pattern | A scheme or pattern of end rhymes |
| Rhythm | It is the beat of the poem as you read |
| Alliteration | The repetition of consonant sounds near each other but usually at the beginning of words that are close together |
| Onomatopoeia | When a word is spelled and sounds like itself. PLOP |
| Meter | stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry. It is what gives the poem its rhythm |
| Repetition | Repeating of a word |
| The purpose of Repetition | It is used to emphasize the author’s point |
| Stanza | A set of lines that are grouped together in a poem (a paragraph in a poem). |
| Refrain | The line or stanza that is repeated in a poem. |
| Punctuation in a Poem | Is used to show the need to pause or stop |
| Mood | The feeling(s) created by the author. |
| Irony | literary term for implying that the actual situation is different from what is presented |
| Flashback | A literary technique of returning to an earlier time in the story to introduce prior information |
| Cause/Effect | One event causes another event to occur which causes another event to occur and so on |
| Compare/Contrast | When 2 things are compared by how they are alike and how they are different |
| Enumeration/Listing | A list about the topic |
| Sequential or Chronological Order or Time Order | The events are arranged from the 1st event to the last event. |
| Order of Importance | The most important event is first and moves down until you reach the least important event |
| Process | A series of steps necessary to complete a task |
| Definition | Defines a term that may be unfamiliar to you |
| Generalization | Makes a statement about a group of people or things as a whole. (Stereotyping) |
| Problem/Solution | States a problem and then gives possible solutions |
| Description | Uses sensory words to describe (sight |
| Main Idea | What the whole entire story is about or it could be one paragraph |
| Fact | Something that can be proven with research or by going back to the story |
| Opinion | Something that cannot be proven with research or going back to the story |
| Summary / Summarize | a brief sentence or paragraph that covers all the main details from a piece of writing |
| Infer | To make an educated or informed guess; to draw a conclusion based on evidence given in the passage or literary work; deduct |
| Conclude | Decision made based on your reading; |
| Implicit Info | Not stated |
| Explicit Info | Completely and totally expressed |
| Technical language | How to do something; instructions |
| Formal language | Businesslike; how you would speak to someone in authority |
| Informal language | How you would talk to your friends |
| Literal language | Meant to be taken seriously; exact; the expectation |
| Figurative language | Not meant to be taken seriously; could not actually be done; to create a picture with words |
| Tension | The fear |
| Reinforce | To strengthen or to show the importance of |
| Significant | Important |
| Accomplishments | Something that you have done or completed |
| Awe | Surprise |
| Commentary | Speaking |
| Image | A picture created by the words used. It appeals to the 5 senses. |
| Exaggeration | Overstating something |
| Dialect | A way of speaking that is characteristic of a certain area or a certain group of people |
| Dialogue | Conversation between two or more characters |
| Connotation (Positive& Negative) | A meaning |
| Emphasize | to show the importance of something. Writers usually use REPETITION to show EMPHASIS |
| Author’s Purpose | Why the authors writes the piece. |
| Author’s Bias | the author’s opinion or how he or she feels about the subject |
| Details | support for the author’s purpose |
| Accurate Details | are reliable and specific. They are based on fact and can be proven |
| Relevant Details | deal with author’s purpose. They can be fact or opinion |
| Evaluate | Judge |
| Expressed | Spoken |
| Portray | Show |
| Considered | thought to be |
| Appeal | Calls |
| Reflect | Shows |
| Suggest | Hint |
| Provide | Give |
