| A | B |
|---|
| ADHD | Child must have 6 or more symptoms of inattention and 6 or more symptoms of hyperactivity; symptoms should be present from an early age, persisted for at least 6 months, and contributed to maladaptive development |
| survey | A way to attain information by asking many individuals (in person, by telephone, or by mail) to answer a fixed set of questions about particular subjects |
| case study | An in-depth analysis of the thoughts, feelings, beliefs, experiences, behaviors, or problems of a single individual |
| experiment | a method for identifying cause-and-effect relationships by following a set of rules and guidelines that minimize the possibility of error, bias, and chance occurrences |
| testimonial | A statement in support of a particular viewpoint based on detailed observations of a person's own personal experience |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | Having a strong belief or making a statement (prophecy) about a future behavior and then acting, usually unknowingly, to fulfill or carry out the behavior |
| placebo | some intervention, such as taking a pill, receiving an injection, or undergoing an operation, that resembles medical therapy but that, in fact, has no medical effects |
| placebo effect | a change in the patient's illness that is attributable to an imagined treatment rather than to a medical treatment |
| correlation | An association or relationship between the occurrence of two or more events |
| correlation coefficient | A number that indicates the strength of a relationship between two or more events: the closer the number is to -1.00 or +1.00, the greater the strength of the relationship |
| interview | A technique for obtaining information by asking questions, ranging from open-ended to highly structured, about a subject's behaviors and attitudes, usually in a one-on-one setting |
| questionnaire | A technique for obtaining information by asking subjects to read a list of written questions and check off specific answers |
| standardized test | A technique to obtain information by administering a psychological test that has been standardized, which means that the test has been given to hundreds of people and shown to reliably measure thought patterns, personality traits, emotions, or behaviors |
| laboratory experiment | A technique to gather information about the brain, genes, or behavior with the least error and bias by using a controlled environment that allows careful observation and measurement |
| animal model | Invovles examining or manipulating some behavioral, genetic, or physiological factor that closely approximates some human problem, disease, or condition |
| naturalistic setting | A relatively normal environment in which researchers gather information by observing individuals' behaviors without attempting to change or control the situation |
| laboratory setting | Involves studying individuals under systematic and controlled conditions, with many of the real-world influences eliminated |
| scientific method | An approach of gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized |
| hypothesis | An educated guess about some phenomenon and is stated in precise, concrete language to rule out any confusion or error in the meaning of its terms |
| independent variable | A treatment or something that the researcher controls or manipulates |
| dependent variable | One or more of the subjects' behaviors that are used to measure the potential effects of the treatment or independent variable |
| random selection | Each participant in a sample population has an equal chance of being selected for the experiment |
| experimental group | Composed of those who receive the treatment |
| control group | Composed of participants who undergo all the same procedures as the experimental participants except that the control participants do not receive the treatment |
| double-blind procedure | Neither participants nor researchers know which group is receiving the treatment |
| statistical procedures | Procedures used to determine whether differences observed in dependent variables (behaviors) are due to independent variables (treatment) or to error or chance occurrence |
