| A | B |
|---|
| The change in the charateristics of a population from one generation to the next | Evolution |
| A group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreed | Population |
| The process by which individuals that have favorable traits and are better adapted to their environment survive to reproduce more sucessfully than less well adapted individuals do. | Natural Selection |
| The process of becoming better suited to the enivironment; an inherited trait that has become common in a population because the trait provides a selective advantage | Adaptation |
| The inability of members of a population to successfully interbreed with members of another population of the same or related species because of some barrier | Reproductive Isolation |
| A model of evolution in which gradual change over a long period of time leads to biological diversity | Gradualism |
| A model of evolution in which short periods of drastic change in species, including mass extinctions and rapid speciation, are separated by long periods of little or no change | Punctuated Equilibrium |
| A structure in an organism that is reduced in size and function and that may have been complete and functional in an organism's ancestors; the hind limbs of whales (see picture of modern whales on page 285) | Vestigial Structures |
| Anatomical structures that share a common ancestry (see figure 9 on page 286) | Homologous Structures |
| The accumulation of differences between groups which leads to the formation of a new species | Divergence |
| The formation of a new species as a result of evolution by natural selection | Speciation |
| Evidence of Evolution is seen in | The fossil record, anatomical strucutres, and biomolecules like proteins and DNA |
| Barriers to reproduction between members of the same species include | geographic separation or a difference in mating periods |
| Natural selection causes the _______ of certain alleles in a population to increase or decrease over time. | frequency |
| _______ cause changes in allele frequencies in a population. | Mutations |
| Intermediate stages between older and newer species in the fossil record. | Transitional forms |
| A relationship in which organisms use the same resource | Competition |
| A change in a gene (DNA) due to damage or being copied incorrectly | Mutation |
| Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration | Gene Flow |
| The random change in allele frequency in a small population caused by a chance event like a fire or landslide for example. | Genetic Drift |
| The two main sources of genetic variation are | Sexual reproduction and Mutations |
| A mutually beneficial relationship in which one organism lives within another | Endosymbiosis |
| These two organelles are thought to have evolved through the process of endosymbiosis with eubacteria | Chloroplasts and Mitochondria |
| What observations supports Endosymbiotic Theory | Mitochondria and chloroplasts are about the same size as bacteria; have circular DNA like bacteria, have similar ribosomes as bacteria, and reproduce like bacteria. |
| This model states that some basic chemicals of life could have formed before life was present (See figure 2 on page 254) | Miller-Urey Model |
