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| When individuals at one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have the highest fitness, selection is _____. | directional |
| When individuals near the middle (or peak) of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have the highest fitness, selection is _____. | stabilizing |
| When individuals near the middle (or peak) of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have the lowest fitness, selection pressure is _____. | disruptive |
| The type of selection pressure that is most likely to lead to the formation of a new species is _____ selection. | disruptive |
| The separation of a population by a barrier, such as a mountain range or a wide river, is called _______. | geographic isolation |
The type of selection effect shown below is ____.,  | directional selection, |
The type of selection effect shown below is ____.,  | disruptive selection, |
The type of selection effect shown below is ____.,  | stabilizing selection, |
| Evolution is defined as a change in the frequency of certain ______ in the gene pool of a species over time. | genes |
| Evolution is defined as a change in the __________ of certain genes in the gene pool of a species over time. | frequency |
| A change in the frequency of certain genes in the gene pool of a species over time is the definition of _____. | evolution |
| What is the main cause of variation of traits within a population? | random mutations |
| Random mutations must be acted upon by _______ in order to lead to evolution. | natural selection (or sexual selection which is really a form of natural selection. Artificial selection is a more recent human caused selection that can also lead to evolution) |
| True or False: Adaptations happen because an organism needs them to happen. | False (Adaptations are random, caused by random mutations that are acted upon by natural selection) |
| True or False: Organisms can adapt during their lifetime. | False: Organisms are born with their adaptations. For example, a caveman learning to use animal fur to stay warm is not an evolutionary adaptation because it can't be passed on to his offspring as a gene that gives its offspring the instinct to wear animal furs to stay warm. |
| In order for a mutation to be considered an adaptation, it needs to change something about the organism that allows it to _____ and ______ better. | survive, reproduce |
| The type of selection caused by selective breeding carried out by humans on plants or animals to breed organisms with more useful traits is called _____ selection. | artificial selection |
| The type of selection that is caused by the mating preferences of males or females within a species is called _____. | sexual selection |
| Which type of selection is given credit for causing most of the evolution during the history of life on this planet? | natural selection |
| The process by which new species are formed is called ______. | speciation |
| At the point where a population of a certain species gets separated for long enough that they become different enough (by adapting to different enironments) that they can't mate and produce fertile offspring even if they come in contact with each other again, the two groups would be considered to be ______. | different species |
| The more different species there are in an area, the greater the ________ of that area is. | species diversity (for example, there are more different species of organisms in tropical rainforests compared to any other biome, so tropical rainforests have the greatest species diversity of any biome) |
| What is the difference between biodiversity and species diversity? | biodiversity counts all the different breeds within species (also known as subspecies), while species diversity only counts the number of different species. |
| The sum total of all the different genes that make up different traits of organisms on this planet is called ______. | genetic diversity |
| What are three reasons that humans should try to preserve biodiversity? | 1) Different plant and animal species have been sources of food for us, or are parts of the food web that supports the organisms we like to eat. 2) Biodiversity has given us a lot of industrial products (for instance, rubber originally came from rubber trees before we learned to make it synthetically. 3) We have discovered a lot of medicines in the molecules different organisms, especially plants, make inside their bodies (an example is the key molecule in aspirin). |
