| A | B |
|---|
| Voltaire | French philosophe who wrote "Candide" and focused on religious tolerance |
| Nicolaus Copernicus | Polish astronomer who first developed the Heliocentric theory |
| Johannes Kepler | scientist who developed 3 laws on planetary motion supporting the heliocentric theory |
| Galileo | developed a telescope that could support the heliocentric theory. He tested many of Aristotle's ideas proving them false |
| Isaac Newton | English scientist, he discovered laws of Gravity |
| William Harvey | Discovered circulation of the Blood |
| Thomas Hobbes | Wrote the "Leviathan," he believed that a state must have a central authority to maintain order |
| John Locke | wrote the "Two treatise of Government" he believed in natural rights of men (life, liberty, property) |
| Baron de Montesquieu | wrote "On the Spirit of Laws" he believed that in a separation of powers in government |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | wrote "The Social Contract" and believed people should reject unjust governments |
| Thomas Jefferson | American author of Declaration of Independence, he was heavily influenced by John Locke |
| Johan Sebastian Bach | famous German Baroque composer |
| Amadeus Mozart | Famous Austrian Classical composer |
| Eugene Delacroix | famous painter from the Enlightenment, painted "Liberty leading the People" |
| Miguel Cervantes | wrote "Don Quixote," which is considered to be the first modern european Novel |
| Louis XVI | French King during the French Revolution, he was removed from power and eventually executed |
| the Jacobins | a radical group in France during the French Revolution, they wanted to eliminate all of France's ties to the nobility of the past |
| Robespierre | as part of the Committee of Pubic Safety he began the "reign of terror" in France |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | military genius who was given control of the French army by the Directory. He would later take power in France |
| Scientific Revolution | time period where science changed by relying on reason and systematic measurement to understand the natural world |
| Scientific Method | process developed during the scientific revolution that focused on creating and testing a hypothesis |
| Heliocentric theory | accurate belief that the sun is the center of the solar system |
| Geocentric Theory | flawed belief that the earth was the center of the solar system |
| Age of Enlightenment | time period where reason and logic were applied to all aspects of life including government, politics, art and technology |
| French Revolution | time period in France where the French people overthrew their absolute monarchy and started to implement democratic ideals |
| Bastille Prison | building that was stormed by the French people in order to defend the revolution. It was the most symbolic act of the revolution. |
| Reign of Terror | radical rule by the Jacobins that resulted in the deaths of 40,000 "traitors" during the French revolution |
| Estates General | French legisdlative body under the king that was divided into 3 separate estates |
| Rights of Man | written in 1789 it gave basic liberties to the French People |
| National Assembly | new legislative body formed by 3rd estate during the French revolution |
| Agricultural revolution | improvements in farming that resulted in increased productivity and decreased the need for farm labor |
