| A | B |
|---|
| Allocational Boundary Disputes | Disputes that usually involve conflicting claims to the natural resources of a region and the drilling and mining of it. |
| Definitional Boundary Disputes | Disputes that arise from the legal language of the treaty definition of the boundary itself; one of the countries involved will usually sue another country in the International Court of Justice (World Court). |
| Locational Boundary Disputes | Disputes that arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the intention of the border is, as when the border has shifted (e.g., a river shifts its course, changing the landscape). |
| Operational Boundary Disputes | Disputes that arise from two abuting or adjacent countries disagreeing about a major functionality of the border, as when the United States and Mexico disagree over the use of illegal immigration into the United States |
| Ethnographic Boundary | Boundaries that are outlined by cultural factors such as language, religion, or ethnic groups. |
| Geometric Boundary | Boundaries created with latitude and longitude features or with other straight lines. |
| Geopolitics | A concept of political geography that is concerned with the study of human systems, which strive to organize land spatially to fit the needs of humans. |
| Gerrymandering | The illegal redrawing of political boundaries for political gain by a political power. |
| European Union | A union that included Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Denmark and Ireland. Form of supranationalism |
| Ethnic Conflict | type of conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country |
| Enclave | an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it |
| Relic Boundary | They no longer exist as international boundaries. |
| International organization | An alliance of two or more countries seeking cooperation with each other without giving up either's autonomy or self-determination |
| Median-line principle | an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places |
| Territoriality | fundamental aspect of human behavior and refers to the need to lay claim to the spaces we occupy and the things we own. In humans it relates to the need for self-identity and freedom of choice |
