| A | B |
|---|
| After the Civil War, settlement in the West ___________ between the Mississippi River and Pacific Ocean. | intensified (increased) |
| What were the factors that led to growth and expansion? | economic opportunity in the West ($$$), industrialization, technology, immigration |
| Westward movement marked the end of the ________. | American cowboy |
| What gave free public land to settlers who would stay and farm it? | The Homestead Act of 1862 |
| What groups of people in particular moved west? | southerners and African-Americans |
| Name some new technologies of this era. | railroads, mechanical reaper |
| Why was the mechanical reaper important? | it made farming more prosperous |
| The Great Plains and the Rocky Mountain regions were becoming ________. | farms, towns, and ranches |
| Westward migration had a ___________impact on the Native American population. | negative (bad) |
| What continued to happen to Native Americans during this time period? | they were forced off their lands |
| Prior to 1871, most immigrants came from _____. | Northern and Western Europe |
| From 1921 on, most immigrants came from | Southern and Eastern Europe and Asia |
| Why did immigrants come after 1921? | They were looking for freedom and better lives. |
| What was a valuable contribution from the Chinese immigrants? | help with the Transcontinental Railroad |
| What was a valuable contribution from the immigrants in the North? | They worked in the textile factories and the steel mills. |
| What was a valuable contribution from the Slavs and Poles? | They worked in the coal mines of the East. |
| How did immigrants enter into the U.S? | Ellis Island |
| What was the first thing that immigrants saw upon coming to the U.S.? | The Statue of Liberty |
| What did the Statue of Liberty stand for? | freedom |
| What is assimilation? | When people try to fit in and adapt to an unfamilar country |
| What were some ways that immigrants began to assimilate? | They adopted American customs, learned to speak English and became citizens |
| What served an essential role in assimilation? | public schools |
| What was American known as during this time of massive immigration? | The Melting Pot |
| What does the term "Melting Pot" mean? | Immigrants began to forget their old cultures and instead tried to fit in and become "American." |
| What was life like for immigrants? | They faced hardship, discrimination, and hostility. They were paid lower wages than Americans. |
| What two things discouraged immigration? | The Chinese Exclusion Act and the Immigration Restriction Act |
| Factories in cities provided ______. | jobs |
| Cities like Chicago, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and New York _______. | grew rapidly as manufacturing and transportation centers |
| What kind of living conditions did factory workers have? | horrible, harsh, crowded slums |
| Rapid growth of cities caused ___________. | housing shortages, the need for public water and sewer systems. |
