| A | B |
|---|
| Social Security | A federal program that provides payments & medical care to the retired, unemployed, or disabled based on work history. |
| Dust Bowl | Area of the Great Plains where a series of drought and destructive wind storms of the 1930's turned the soil to wind-borne dust. One of the worst environmental disasters in history. |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff (June 1930) | The highest protective tariff in peace time history. |
| Federal Reserve | Twelve district banks of the US established to regulate and help member banks in each district. |
| Speculation | Risky business ventures involving buying or selling in the hope of making a large & quick profit. |
| Great Depression | Economic condition market by an extended & severe decline in production, sales & severe unemployment. |
| Installment Buying | Paying for goods at regular intervals, usually with interest added. |
| On Margin | Buying stocks with a small cash down payment & the money borrowed from a stock broker who holds shares as collateral; repayments come from the profits. |
| "Black Tuesday" | The day prices on the New York Stock Exchange took a nose dive. |
| Bonus Army | May 1932 day when 1,500 unemployed veterans & their families marched on Washington, D.C. demanding early payment of the bonus Congress had promised to pay in 1945. |
| Hoovervilles | Makeshift communities on the outskirts of cities. |
| Wall Street | The money market or financiers of the United States. |
| Securities | Stocks, bonds, & other financial instruments traded on a stock exchange. |
| Twentieth Amendment | Fixed January 20th as inauguration day for the President & Vice President. |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation | Made $2 billion in loans to railroads, insurance companies, banks, state & local governments in 1932. |
| Stock Market | A place where agents for the public buy & sell shares of stocks & bonds. |
| Dorothea Lange | Photographer who documented people's lives during the Depression. |
| Eleanor Roosevelt | First lady who fought for social justice & added compassion to the New Deal. |
| Herbert Hoover | President when the stock market crashed & caused the Depression. |
| Franklin D. Roosevelt | Elected 4 times. Provided "action now" in the New Deal. |
| Bull Market | Continued rise in stock prices |
| Bear Market | Continuing drop in stock prices |
| Panic of 1929 | The one-day stock market crash which turned into... |
| Business Cycle | Economic pattern marked by up and down periods of growth and decline in a free enterprise economy |
| Relfief | Food, clothing, shelter, and money for the needy |
| Public Works | Projects such as building hospitals, roads, and schools to create jobs |
| Federal Home Loan Bank Act | Money to banks, financial institutions, and insurance companies so they could offer low-interest mortgages |
| Brain Trust | College professors, labor leaders, lawyers, and social workers who gave advice on policies to FDR |
| Hundred Days | March 9-mid June when most of the New Deal programs were passed |
| Fireside Chats | Informal radio broadcasts from the White House when FDR assured Americans that most banks had reopened for business. |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | To protect bank accounts they insured deposits up to $5,000 per account |
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | $500 million of which 1/2 went to the states to distribute directly to families |
| National Industrial Recovery ACT (NIRA) | Sought to eliminate unfair competition and prevent business failures |
| Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) | These workers built dams in 7 states along the Tennessee River basin to control flooding, reduce soil erosion, and generate cheap hydroelectric power. |
| American Liberty League | Opposed the New Deal claiming they discouraged free enterprise and the start of socialism in the U.S. |
| Share-Our Wealth | Huey Lon's plan to limit the size of all personal fortunes thus guarantee every family a minimum income of $2,500 a year. |
| Second New Deal | New program of reforms proposed by FDR in 1935. |
| Revenue Act of 1935 | Law raising taxes on the nation's wealthiest citizens and corporation; also called the Wealth Tax Act. |
| Rural Electrification Administration | Organization established during the Second New Deal that extended electrical power lines into isolated rural areas. |
| Emergency Relief Appropriation Act (1935) | Second New Deal law providing unemployment relief. |
| Works Progress Administration | New Deal agency created to put American men and women to work constructing & repairing bridges, roads, buildings, & parks. |
| Welfare State | When the government provides basic needs to its citizens |
| Deficit Spending | When a government borrows in order to spend more money than it receives in revenue. |
| National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) | Gave workers the right to select their own unions by majority vote, strike, boycott, & pickett. |
| Fair Labor Standards Act (1938) | Legislation that established a minimum hourly wage and a maximum workweek of 40 hours. |
| Congress of Industiral Organizations (CIO) 1938 | Joined together many industrial unions |
| Sit-down Strike | Workers remin in factories but refus to work. |
| Southern Tenant Farmers's Union (STFU) (1934) | Arkansas farm laborers joined forces to draw attention to the problems of share-croppers and tenant farmers. |
| Farm Security Administration | Federal agency created in the 1930's to issue long-term farm loans at low interest rates. |
| Indian Reorganization Act (IRA) 1934 | Law that ended land allotment to individual American Indians, and returned some land to tribal ownership, and allowed reservation residents to form self-governing bodies. |
| Swing | Term for new style of jazz so called after D. Ellington's hit "It Don't Mean a Thing (If It Ain't Got That Swing)" |
| Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations with Latin America by using economic influence. |
| Totalitarianism | When the government controls every part of citizens' lives |
| Fascism | Strong government led by one person. The government is more important than individuals and will destroy all opposition. |
| Axis Powers | Military alliance formed by Italy & Germany in 1936. |
| Kristallnacht (11-9-1938) | "Night of broken glass" when Nazis killed or injured many Jews and destroyed many Jewish properties. |
| Neutrlity Acts | Four laws passed in the late 1930's that were designed to keep the U.S. out of international incidents. |
