| A | B |
|---|
| Charlemagne | Which of the following was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope in 800AD |
| The 3 most important foundations of the Culture of the Middle Ages | The classical Heritage of Rome, Catholic Christianity, The traditions of the Germanic Tribes of Europe. |
| Fiefs | Land grants a noble would give to his vassal |
| Holy Roman Emperor | This title made it unclear whether the Pope or the King had more power. |
| Serfs | the poor peasants who would farm the land in return for protection. |
| Vikings | a group from Scandanavia who would later settle in parts of Russia |
| Magyars | a group from Central Asia who would later settle in the modern day country of Hungary. |
| Angles and Saxons | A groupp from continental Europe who would settle in the British Isles. |
| What did the Kings receive in return for the land they gave to the nobles? | Military support, Loyalty, and Finances |
| Franks | The most powerful kingdom in Europe that Rome looked to as a protector of Christianity |
| Monastaries | United Europe, Expanded Christianity, Provided social needs for the people. |
| The Feudal System | Provided little to no social mobility, Had self-sufficient manors, and defined the social structure. |
| William the Conqueror | Conquered England and expanded it into a powerful kingdom. |
| Hugh Capet | Responsible for creating a powerful dynasty in France centered around Paris. |
| Henry II | Responsible for creating the Jury system and commond law in England. |
| John I | An ineffective ruler who was forced to sign the Magna Carta |
| The Magna Carta | Limited the power of the king, led to an established parliament, guaranteed the rights of all englishmen |
| Joan of Arc | Inspired French Nationalism, Led French to victories in 100 years war, burned at the stake by the English. |
| 100 years war | England and France were both better defined as Nations because of this war. |
| Crusades | Holy Wars, Sparked by Pope Urban's speech urging to recapture the holy lands of Jerusalem |
| Pope Urban II | Gave a speech that sparked the Crusades |
| Seljuk Turks | Conquered a weakened Constantinople in 1453 |
| Constantinople | Attacked and destroyed by the Christians in the 4th Crusade |
| Saladin | The Turkish Leader who reconquered Jersusalem in 1187 but reopened the city to the Christians and the Jews. |
| Richard I | the English leader who led the 3rd crusade against Saladin. |
| Crusader STates | Trade centers established by Crusaders |
| Effects of the Crusades | Trade was expanded between Europe and the Middle East, A legacy of Bitterness was left between muslims, christians, and Jews, It weakened the power of the pope. |
| The goal of the Crusades | To reconquer the holy lands in Jerusalem |
