| A | B |
|---|
| During the New Stone Age (Neolithic Age) where did permanent settlements appear? | near rivers |
| What developed between 3500 BC to 500 BC? | river civilizations |
| Along which river did the Egyptian civilization develop? | Nile River |
| Where did Indias first civilization develop? | Indus River |
| What provided rich soil and protection from invasions? | rivers, floods, Fertile Crescent |
| What is the best title for the Nile River, Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, Indus River, and Huang He (Yellow River)? | River Valley Civilizations |
| Between which two rivers did the Mesopotamian civilization arise? | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| Around which river did Shang China arise? | Huang He or Yellow River |
| How did specialization lead to the emergence of social classes in ancient river civilizations? | people ranked themselves based on jobs |
| What process was used to preserve Egyptian bodies? | mummification |
| In ancient Egypt what is another name for the Old Kingdom? | Pyramid Age |
| What were some Egyptian engineering achievements? | construction of pyramids, temples, irrigation canals, and columns |
| Which kingdom interested Egypt because of its rich gold deposits? | Nubia (Kush) |
| What resulted from the need to keep records in Egypt? | hieroglyphics |
| What were the major characteristics of Egyptian culture? | most people were peasants, farmers, or slaves; women held a fairly high status; enculturation occurred from trade |
| What book was important to the Egyptians in their journey to the afterlife? | Egyptian Book of the Dead |
| What is the term for the rise and fall of ruling families? | Dynastic Cycle |
| Since Egyptians created a book of symptoms, diagnoses, and cures and they developed medicines and complex surgeries, they had advanced knowledge of -- ? | medicine & technology |
| Who were the specially trained people who wrote, read, and kept records? | scribes |
| Where was Lower Egypt located? | In the Nile Delta region near the Mediterranean Sea north of Upper Egypt |
| Which two groups held the highest positions in Egyptian society? | priests and nobles |
| What most often caused changes in Egyptian civilization? | shifts in the physical environment and cultural interactions |
| Where was Upper Egypt located? | south of Lower Egypt, elevated land |
| What surrounds the Nile River beyond the arable land? | deserts |
| Since pharaohs were viewed as god-kings, and priests held high positions in government, Egypts government was a -- ? -- | theocracy |
| What type of religion focused on many gods? | polytheism |
| What is the term for a person skilled in a specific craft? | artisan |
| What is the term for a group of states controlled by one ruler? | Empire |
| What is the term for the system of government agencies and positions in a political system? | bureaucracy |
| What is the term for the earliest written symbols? | pictograms |
| What is the term for the spread of ideas, technologies, and customs? | cultural diffusion |
| What is the term for a political unit that includes a city and its surrounding villages? | city-state |
| What is the term for public works projects such as roads, canals, and bridges | infrastructures |
| Where did the Hebrews and Phoenicians settle? | Fertile Crescent near the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea |
| Why were early river civilizations called the Cradle of Civilization? | they made major contributions to many other cultures |
| What type of authority were early centralized governments based upon? | religious authority |
| What is the name of an early type of hereditary ruler in Egypt? | Pharaoh |
| Which area shared a border with Nubia (Kush)? | Egypt |
| What type of class structure existed in early river civilizations? | rigid |
| What type of religious traditions were developed by the early civilizations? | polytheistic |
| What part of the Nile River is located south of the Mediterranean Sea? | delta |
| Which Egyptian king united Upper & Lower Egypt? | Menes |
| What was used as a tomb in ancient Egypt? | pyramid |
| Which ancient Egyptian city was known for the Great Pyramid? | Giza |
| Which Egyptian ruler government for years and had a very stable reign? | Ramses II |
| Which Egyptian ruler was a respected female pharaoh? | Hatshepsut |
| What substance was used to make the pyramids? | limestone |
| What were the three periods of Egyptian history? | Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms |
| What is the Egyptian symbol for eternal life? | Ankh |
