| A | B |
|---|
| Describe the land of the Fertile Crescent. | curves from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea |
| What was used to build Sumerian cities? | clay, bricks, and protective walls |
| In each Sumerian city, what was the ruler expected to do? | lead armies in war, enforce laws, and serve the gods. |
| What did the Sumerians believe about the afterlife? | it was a grim (terrible) place with no escape. |
| Why did writing develop in Sumeria? | Priests used pictograms to record goods brought to temple store houses. |
| What was the significance of the Code of Hammurabi? | It was the first major collection of written laws in history. |
| Which civilization developed the first alphabet and was known as the carriers of civilization? | Phoenicians |
| Where did the following civilizations develop: Hebrews, Phoenicians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Palestinians? | In the Fertile Crescent. |
| What did the Sumerians build as temples for the chief god or goddess of the city-state? | ziggurats (step-like pyramids made of clay bricks) |
| What provided historians and archaeologists with a glimpse into Sumerian life? | The written story, The Epic of Gilgamesh. |
| What was the name of the Sumerian’s earliest system of writing? | Cuneiform (made on clay tablets) |
| Between which two rivers was Mesopotamia located? | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| What resulted from the movement of people across the Fertile Crescent? | exchange of ideas, war, cultural diffusion (enculturation) |
| How did the Sumerians differ from the Egyptians in the way that they viewed their rulers? | Sumerians saw their rulers as servants of the gods. Egyptians saw their rulers as gods. |
| Why is Mesopotamia often considered the “Cradle of Civilization?” | It gave birth or rise to many important civilizations and cultures. Many inventions and innovations (such as the wheel) spread to other cultures. |
| What type of geographical feature may have limited the movement of people to the north and east of Mesopotamia? | mountains |
| Which Mesopotamian civilization was noted for the hanging gardens, a beautiful palace, and a written code of law? | Babylonians |
| Which Mesopotamian civilization worshipped the goddess Inanna, created the first city-states, and wrote The Epic of Gilgamesh? | Sumerians |
| Which civilization developed along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea? | Phoenicia |
| Which civilization created a new religion called Zoroastrianism that focused on good and evil? | Persia |
| Which civilization developed the first wheel? | Sumer |
| What did Sumerians use for writing? | clay tablets |
| What is the sacred text (holy book) for Zoroastrianism? | Zend Avesta |
| What were the accomplishments of the Phoenicians? | trade, sailing, shipbuilding, alphabet, writing, glass-making, purple dye, cities of Tyre and Byblos, colonies in the Mediterranean region |
| What is the Exodus? | Jews escaped from Egypt, led by Moses |
| Today's military tanks--with their wheels, speed, and deadliness--would be similar to what weapon in the past? | Assyrian chariots |
| The Zend Avesta and the Torah are all examples of what type of writing? | sacred or holy books |
| What was provided by the Behistun Rock from Mesopotamia? | important information about decoding ancient writings of Hieroglyphics and Cuneiform. |
| How did the Jewish (Hebrew) of god differ from the views of the rest of the ancient world? | Jews believed in only one god, monotheism. |
| Which group of people settled between the Red Sea and the Jordan River? | Hebrews (Jewish people) |
| Where did the first city-states develop? | Mesopotamia (Sumer) |
| What are type of rulers were the kings of the Fertile Crescent? | hereditary rulers |
| During the ancient period of history, what was government authority connected to? | religion |
| What is a connection between the Code of Hammurabi and the Ten Commandments? | both are examples of written laws |
| What type of religion was practiced by the Hebrews? | monotheism – Judaism |
| What is the sacred book (holy book) of the Hebrews? | Torah |
| What is the term for a spiritual leader or messenger? | prophet |
| What is the term for a forced migration or scattering of people? | diaspora |
| What is the term for the belief in one god? | monotheism |
| What is the term for the laws that Jews believed came from God to Moses? | Ten Commandments |
| What is the holy city for Jewish people? | Jerusalem |
| What did the Persians build to help trade between the cities of Sardis and Susa? | the Great Royal Road |
| Which religion spread because of exile and a diaspora? | Judaism |
What is the term for the building and what is it used for?,  | Ziggurat. It is used for a temple in Mesopotamia |
| diaspora | a forced scattering of people |
