| A | B |
|---|
| Allele | form of a gene |
| Biotechnology | use and application of living things and biological processes |
| Chromosome | thread of DNA with numerous genes |
| Clone | genetically identical offspring |
| Diploid | number of chromosomes found in the somatic (body) cells of an organism (humans = 46) |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | genetic material; hereditary information |
| Enzyme | protein that functions as a biological catalyst; increases rate of reaction |
| Gel electrophoresis | separating DNA fragments by adding electrical current to a gel; fragments separate according to length (small moves farther) |
| Gene | region of DNA that codes for a protein |
| Gene Therapy | treating a defective or missing gene by replacing it |
| Genetic Engineering | changing an organismÕs DNA to produce new traits in that organism; Recombinant DNA is formed by inserting one organismÕs DNA into anotherÕs DNA |
| Genome | all of an organismÕs DNA |
| Haploid | half of the normal chromosome number of somatic cells. Haploid number of chromosomes are found in gamete cells |
| Mutation | a change in the DNA sequence |
| Nucleic Acid | genetic material of organisms |
| Nucleus | double membrane organelle that holds a cellÕs DNA |
| Plasmid | circular piece of DNA in bacteria |
| Protein | made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; ex. Antibodies, enzymes, neurotransmitters, receptors |
| Recombinant DNA | bacterial DNA that had a gene from another organism combined with it during the process of genetic engineering |
| Replication | process that produces a copy of DNA prior to cell division |
| Restriction Enzyme | Enzyme used to cut DNA at one specific point along the nucleic acid |
| Ribosome | organelle that links amino acids to produce proteins |
| RNA (ribonucleic acid) | nucleic acid used as an information transfer molecule between DNA and Proteins |
| Selective Breeding | when humans select traits of organisms through breeding practices |
| Trait | characteristics that are inherited |
| Transcription | process by which DNA is coded into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule |
| Translation | Process by which mRNA is coded into an amino acid chain to produce a protein |
| Variation | differences in physical traits of organisms |
