| A | B |
|---|
| scientific polling process | surveys 1,000 people; sample is people questioned; 3 percent error |
| Amendment 4 | protects unreasonable search and seizure |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | outlawed discrimination of minorities such as blacks and women |
| political spectrum left to right | radical, liberal, moderate, conservatie and reactionary |
| Amendment 3 | can't be forced to take care of troops |
| Amendment 2 | right to bear arms |
| ad hominem attack | attacks a person rather than answers arguments about an issue |
| Title IX | equality based on sex in sports and education |
| Regents of the U. of Calif. vs. Bakke | unconstitutional to reserve seats for minority students |
| Amendment 1 | speech, press, assembly, petition, establish religion and exercise religion |
| E.O. 9981 | desegregates the military |
| Article 6 | states debt constitutional supremacy oath of office /no law can violate constitution |
| Necessary and Proper Clause = elastic clause | creates the idea of implied powers |
| Article II | Exec. Branch |
| Senator qualifications | age 30, elected 6 years, 2 senators per states citizen of US 9 years |
| Judicial powers of the president | appoint judges; pardon people; reduces someone's jail sentence |
| military power of the President | commander and chief |
| 7 powers of Congress | expressed, implied, amendment, impeachment, executive, investigatory, elastic |
| What is a Constitutional count | the supremem court defined in the Constitution |
| 15th Amendment | race could not prohibit voting |
| affirmative action | takes race, gender, religion into consideration for making a decision |
| Jim Crow laws | segregation laws (black code) |
| Diplomatic power of the President | negotiation |
| Executive Powers of Congress | must approve pres. appointment by majority vote; confirm all treaties by 2/3 vote |
| different types of interest groups | economic interests/social political |
| Exec powers of the president | issue EO rules and regulations |
| reverse discrimination | discrimination among a dominant majority party group |
| majority opinion | over half the nuembers of court agree to this |
| Article I | legislative branch |
| house of rep requirments | there are 435 total; elected every 2 years; age 25, citizen for 7 years |
| amendment powers | can amend the Constitution |
| logical argument | sensible point of view supporting an idea |
| integration of the military | integration of armed forces after WWII (Truman) |
| voting rights act of 1975 | mandates bilingual ballots |
| card stacking | deliberate action is taken to bias |
| dissenting opinion | minority opinion/losing |
| Article 5 | amending the Consitution |
| Article 7 | ratification of the constitution/ 9 states must ratify for it to go into effect |
| testimonial | words lack credibility in some way borrow credibility of others by getting the testimony of trusted others |
| original jurisdiction | the power to hear a case for the first time |
| Article 4 | states relationships full faith and credit |
| implied powers | not written in the consitution but are necessary to run the government |
| amicus curiae | people you bring into court - specialists |
| interest group | organization whose members hold similarities on public issues |
| different types of media | print, cinema, radio, recordings, tv, mobile |
| voting rights act of 1965 | outlawed obstacles minorities faced in order to vote |
| docket | a list of casts that will be heard |
| writ of certiorari | petition or appeal to higher court |
| positive image | focusing solely on the positive aspects of a person or issue |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | power to regulate interstate commerce was granted by Congress |
| lobbyist | a person who persuades public office to take actions favoarble to a given organized group |
| Amendment 10 | anything not in Constitution is reserved for state to govern |
| Amendment 9 | protect from rights not in constitution |
| legislative power of president | approval of bills and veto |
| 17th amendment | senate is composed of 2 senators from each state voted on by the people |
| Oregon v. Mitchell | voting age 18 *opposed by Oregon |
| expressed powers | written in constitution |
| quotas | a limited or fixed number |
| separate by equal doctrine | law that said blacks and whites must be separate but equal |
| plain folk | make the leaders look like normal people |
| political party | organization whose members hold similar views on public issues |
| appellate jurisdiction | power of the supreme court to review decisions and change outcomes of lower courts |
| segregation | setting apart due to a specificity |
| Brown v. Bd. of Edu | declared all laws establishing segregated schools as unconstitutional |
| Article III | judicial branch |
| Qualifications to vote in US | 18 and US citizen |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | separate but eual--okay to segregate |
| Amendment 7 | right to take a civil case to court |
| Marbury v. Madison | formed the basis of judicial review |
| The bill of rights | AMendments 1-10 |
| concurrent jurisdiction | ability to exercise judicial review by different courts at the same time over same subject matter |
| legislative courts | established by congress; not part of judicial branch |
| impeachment powers | ability to impeach gov officials |
| concurring opinion | majority opinion/"winning" |
| investigatory powers | gives Congress power to investigate matters |
| jurisdiction | the official power to make legal decisions and judgments |
| argument | opposing evidence buried or discredited |
| Amendment 5 | due process; dbl jeopardy; self incrimation; eminant domain |
| 24th amendment | no tax could be charged to a citizen voting in federal elections |
| Amendment 8 | protects from excessive bail/cruel and unusual punishment |
| Amendment 6 | trial by jury; speedy trial; public trial; right to attorney |
| 19th amendment | `gender cannot prohibit right to vote |
| 26th amendment | cannot be denied the right ot votie if you are 18 |
| 14th amendment | allows citizenship for all people born in the U.S. |
| McCulloch v. MD. | invoked the necessary and proper clause of the Constitution |
