| A | B |
|---|
| Matter | All living things are made of this; consists of atoms |
| Polar molecules | Molecules with an unequal distribution of charge; water is an example because it has partial positive and negative ends |
| Nonpolar molecules | Molecules with an equal distribution of electrical charge |
| Acidic solution | This type of solution increases hydrogen ion concentration; falls below 7 on the pH scale; vinegar is an example |
| Neutral solution | This type of solution falls at 7 on the pH scale; pure water is an example |
| Basic solution | This type of solution reduces hydrogen ion concentration; falls above 7 on the pH scale; hand soap is an example |
| Organic molecules | A molecule that is normally found in or produced by living things |
| Carbohydrates | Used as a structural material in organisms; made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio; source of energy |
| Lipids | Mostly insoluble in water; stores energy; fats and waxes are examples |
| Proteins | Long chains of amino acids; made on ribosomes |
| Nucleic Acids | A long chain of nucleotides (which have a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group); stores and transmits hereditary information |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate; the main energy currency of cells; a single nucleotide with two extra energy-storing phosphate groups |
| Exothermic reactions | A reaction that gives off heat/energy |
| Endothermic reactions | A reaction that needs heat in order to react; takes in energy |
| Cells | The smallest unit of life |
| Eukaryotic cells | An organism with a nucleus; humans are an example of this |
| Prokaryotic cells | A single-celled organism; no nucleus; bacterium is an example |
| Cell membrane | The outer boundary of a cell; separates the cytoplasm from its surroundings |
| Nucleus | Houses the cell's DNA; controls the functions within a eukaryotic cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | The system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cells |
| Vesicle | A small, membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells |
| Ribosomes | Proteins are made on these |
| Golgi apparatus | A set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs; the packaging and distribution center of the cell |
| Lysosomes | This organelle digests and recycles a cell's used components |
| Mitochondria | This organelle harvests energy from organic compounds to ATP |
