| A | B |
|---|
| patrician | in Rome, a person who owned land and helped a ruler govern |
| senate | a governing body |
| consul | Roman leader who served 1 year term |
| dictator | person who rules a county with force |
| republic | type of government with no king where a few represent the many |
| veto | to say no to a ruling/law |
| plebeian | common person in Rome who was not wealthy |
| reform | to make something better through change |
| tribune | person who protected the rights of the common person |
| ally | a friend or country who helps another |
| Renaissance | a time of "rebirth" after the Middle Ages |
| Humanism | belief that human actions, ideas and works are impt. |
| indulgence | paper sold by the Church forgiving sins |
| 95 Theses | 95 statements by Martin Luther against indulgences |
| excommunicate | to kick out of the Church |
| fast | to give up eating |
| alms | money or care for the poor |
| Mecca | Muslim's holy city |
| Koran | the holy book of Islam |
| Mohammed | prophet who started the religion of Islam |
| mosque | Muslim place of worship |
| Ramadan | Muslim's holy month of fasting and praying |
| Feudalism | political, military and social system based on holding land |
| serfs | peasant bound to the land, controlled by the lord of the manor |
| contribution | the act of giving to |
| cultural diffusion | spread of new ideas from one society to others |
| ethnocentrism | believing your culture is the only one that is important |
| geography | the study of earth's surface |
| compass rose | direction marker on a map |
| map | flat drawing of the earth's surface |
| equator | imaginary line dividing earth in north and south |
| hemisphere | half of the globe |
| ocean | largest body of salt water |
| lake | body of fresh water surrounded by land |
| river | large stream of water that runs through land |
| continent | one of the seven large land masses |
| mountains | highest of the world's landforms |
| valley | are of low land between hills and mountains |
| island | area of land surrounded by water |
| peninsula | land surrounded on 3 sides by water |
| latitude | distance north or south of the equator |
| longitude | distance east or west of the prime meridian |
| city-state | city surrounded by villages and surrounded by land |
| democracy | government ruled by people |
| Hellenism | a blend of eastern and western cultures |
| philosopher | person who seeks answers to what is true and right |
