| A | B |
|---|
| Homeostasis | The process by which cells maintain biological balance by controlling and regulating what goes into and out of the cell. |
| Diffusion | The movement of molecules along a concentration gradient from high concentration to low conentration. |
| Concentration Gradient | The difference in concentration of a substance across space. |
| Equilibrium | Occurs when the conentration of molecules of a substance is the same throughout a space. |
| Permeable | Refers to when any substance can easily pass through a membrane. |
| Selectively Permeable | Some substance can pass through a membrane. |
| Semi-permeable | Means the same as selectively permeable. |
| Non Permeable | Nothing can pass through. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water molecules along a concentration gradient from high conentration to low concentration. |
| Hypotonic | An osmotic condition when the concentration of solutes is lower and the concentration of water is high in the environment surrounding a cell. |
| Hypertonic | An osmotic condition when the concentration of solutes is higher and the concentration of water is lower in the environment surrounding the cell. |
| Isotonic | An osmotic condition when the concentration of solutes and water in the cell is equal to the concentration of solutes and water outsdie the cell. |
| Turgor Pressure | Condition where the pressure of water in a plant cell forces the cytoplasm and cell membrane against the cell wall and the cell becomes rigid (firm). |
| Plasmolysis | Condition when water leaves the cell and turgor pressure is lost causing the cell to wilt or shrink. |
| Cytolysis | Condition where water enters the cell causing turgor pressure to increase to the point causing the cell to burst. |
| Contractile Vacuole | An organelle that removes excess water. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of chemical energy. |
| Active Transport | The movement of substance across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient from low concentration to high concentration with the use of chemical energy. |
| Carrier Molecule | A protein the functions in the transport of molecules across a membrane. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Where carrier molecules transport solute molecules through a membrane without expending energy. |
| Sodium Potassium Pump | The active transport of sodium ions out of the cell and the forcing of potassium ions into the cell. |
| Gated Channel | A protein controlled passage that permits the cell membrane to be permeable as needed. |
| Endocytosis | The process by which cell engulf substances that are much too large to enter the cell by passing through the cell membrane. |
| Pinocytosis | The movement of solutes (small particles) or fluids into the cell by endocytosis. |
| Phagocytosis | The movement of large food particles or whole microorganisms into the cell by endocytosis. |
| Exocytosis | The passage of large molecules out of the cell. |
