| A | B |
|---|
| D-form | OH group is on the right |
| L-form | OH group is on the left |
| enantiomers | all sugars can exist as mirror images |
| monosaccharides | smallest units of carbohydrate structure |
| triose | three-carbon sugar |
| pyranose | six-membered ring of a monosaccharide |
| alpha | OH is pointed down in a Haworth projection |
| beta | OH is pointed up in a Haworth projection |
| amino sugars | amino group replaces one of the OH group |
| sugar acids | carboxyloc acids derived from aldoses |
| glycosidic bond | an acetal linkage in which the anomeric carbon of a sugar is condensed with an alcohol, an amine, or a thiol |
| sucrose | an example of a nonreducing sugar |
| glucose | an example of a reducing sugar |
| homoglycans | also called homopolysaccharides |
| heteroglycans | also called heteropolysaccharides |
| starch | glucose storage in plants and fungi |
| glycogen | glucoes storage in animals |
| reducing sugars | a carbonyl group that is readily oxidized |
| nonreducing sugars | a carbonyl group that is not readily oxidized |
| glycosides | compounds that contain glycosidic bonds |
