| A | B |
|---|
| mandate | n. a country placed unded the control of another power by international agreement |
| Palestine | n. Southwest Asian region often called the Holy Land |
| Arab-Israeli Wars | n. a series of wars (1948-1973) that were fought between Israel and the Arab countries of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan and Lebanon |
| Kurd | n. a member of a group of mountain people who live in Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey |
| Persian Gulf War | n. a 1991 war between the United States and Iraq |
| OPEC | n. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which decides the price and amount of oil produced each year in Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Venezuela, and other countries |
| primary product | n. a raw material used to manufacture other products |
| secondary product | n. a product manufactured from raw materials |
| petrochemical | n. a product made from petroleum or natural gas |
| haj | n. a pilgrimmage to Mecca that most Muslims try to make at least once in a lifetime |
| Ramadan | n. the ninth month of the Islamic year |
| King Farouk | 36th monarch of Egypt |
| Gamal Abdel Nasser | leader in Egypt from 1954-1970 who believed in a republic |
| Aswan High Dam | n. a dam built in 1956 by the Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser to control the flooding of the Nile River |
| tradeoff | n. an exchange of one benefit for another |
| Muslim Brotherhood | n. a Muslim group that believes that Egypt should be governed solely (only) by Islamic law in order to be true to the principles (beliefs) of Islam |
| fellahin | n. peasant farmers in Egypt |
| Zionism | n. a movement that encouraged Jews to return to Palestine |
| kibbutz | n. a Jewish farming village where members own everything in common, sharing labor, income and expenses |
| Law of Return | n. a law enacted in 1950 in Israel, granting Jews anywhere in the world permission to move to Israel and become citizens |
| Orthodox Jew | n. a Jew who strictly follows Jewish law |
| Rosh Hashanah | n. the Jewish New Year |
| Yom Kippur | n. in Judaism, the Day of Atonement |
| secular | adj. not specifically relating to the religion |
| Mustafa Kemal | n. founder of modern Turkey who declared Turkey a republic |
| Grand National Assembly | n. the first legislature of Turkey with Kemal as president |
| Ataturk | n. means "father of Turks," name given to Kemal |
| Tansu Ciller | n. in 1990's, Turkey's first female prime minister |
