| A | B |
|---|
| obstacle | something that prevents or blocks progress: example: The climate and geography of Russia created an obstacle for Napoleon's invasion |
| Latin America | area of the Western Hemisphere south of the United States |
| John Locke | Enlightenment thinker who believed in the natural rights of man; life, liberty, and property |
| Scientific Revolution | influenced and was similar to the Enlightenment because they both emphasized the value of human reasoning |
| emphasize | to highlight because of its importance |
| Reign of Terror | Period during the French Revolution when the guillotine was used to behead all those who opposed the Radical ideas of Maximillien Robbespierre |
| Nationalism | the belief and loyalty toward a nation |
| Long Term effects of the French Revolution | The Feeling of Nationalism spread to other countries and regions and the power of the middle class increased |
| Restore | to bring back: At the Congress of Vienna, the goverments of Europe restored the old Regimes(governments) to power |
| Bolshevik Revolution | Communist Revolution in Russia Led by Lenin and his Bolshevik Party-1917 |
| Independence movements | The desire of a nation to be free from foreign control. Usually caused by the feeling of Nationalism |
| Simon Bolivar | Independence leader of Latin America; specifically Bolivia, Colombia and Ecuador |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | Leader of the Red Shirts and the head of Italian Unification |
| social hierarchy | a classification of people according to the amount of power and wealth they have: Throughout history the group at the top usually have the fewest people, but the most power and wealth. |
| The White Man's Burden | A poem written by Rudyard Kipling explaining the cause of imperialism as a duty of the Europeans to civilize the Africans and Asians |
| Social Darwinism | The belief that one group of people is superior (better) than another- A major cause for imperialism |
| Scramble for Africa/Berlin Conference | 1884- Europeans meet to divide the continent of Africa up among them. |
| Imperiailism | The act of a strong country taking over a weaker one usually for natural resources |
| Accurate | correct/true |
| partitioning | dividing |
| ethnic diversity | different ethnic or cultural groups: this has caused many conflict throughout history |
| Boer War | 1899-1900- imperialist war fought between British and Dutch(Boer)for control of South Africa |
| Boers | Dutch Farmers also called Afrikanners |
| exploitation | to take advantage of or use for one's own personal gain. The Western Europeans exploited the land and people of "Africa and Asia" during the Age of Imperialism |
| Adam Smith | Economist who agreed that capitalism was the best system of giving people what they needed. He felt governments should keep out of business( laissez faire) |
| urban | city-like |
| Karl Marx | Criticized capitalism and said that it only met the needs of a few while the factory workers suffered. Russia used his ideas to create the fires Communist state. |
| Labor Unions | response of workers to poor working conditions |
| Peace, Bread and Land | slogan for Russian Revolution |
| Jomo Kenyatta | Kenyas independence leader |
| Totalitarian state | Stalinist Soviet Union-government control over economy and people |
| collectivization | abolishing private farms and forcing people to work on government owned ones |
