| A | B |
|---|
| Alimentary Canal | Continous, coiled, hollow muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity and is open at both ends. |
| Uvula | fleshy fingerlike projection of the soft palate |
| Lingual Frenulum | secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth. |
| Esophagus | Passageway for food running from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Submucosa | Soft connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodules, and lymphatic vessels in the esophagus. |
| Muscularis Externa | A muscle layer typically made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cellsin the esophagus. |
| Serosa | Outermost layer of the esophagus |
| Cardioesophageal Sphincter | Valve between stomach and the esophagus. |
| Pyloric Sphincter | Valve between the stomach and small intestine. |
| Rugae | Folds of the stomach |
| Chyme | Name for food after it has been digested in the stomach. |
| Microvilli | Tiny projections of the plasma membrane of the mucosa cells of the small intestines |
| Villi | Fingerlike projections of the mucosa of the small intestines that contain capillary beds |
| Lacteal | Modified lymphatic capillary inside each villus. |
| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix. |
| Masticate | To chew. |
| Deciduous Teeth | Baby teeth or milk teeth. |
| Permanent Teeth | Teeth that come in after you lose your deciduous teeth. |
| Incisors | Chisel shaped teeth adapted for cutting. |
| Canines | Teeth used for piercing. |
| Premolars and Molars | teeth used best for grinding. |
| Crown | The upper part of the tooth you can see. |
| Root | The bottom of the tooth that extends into your gums |
| Gingiva | Gums |
| Enamel | hard, calcified substance that covers the crown of a tooth |
| Dentin | A bonelike material, under the enamel that makes up most of the tooth |
| Pulp | Connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerve fibers inside the tooth. |
| Mumps | Inflammation of the parotid glands. |
| Bolus | Rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing |
| Salivary Amylase | An enzyme that begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth. |
| Pancreas | Soft, pink, triangular gland that produces enzymes for breaking down all types of foods |
| Liver | Largest gland in the body; produces bile |
| Bile | Fluid prduced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder |
| Gallbladder | Small, thin walled green sac that stores bile |
| Peristalsis | Involves alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of the muscles to move food |
| Deglutition | Swallowing. |
| Nutrient | A substance in food that is used by the body to promote natural growth. |
| Carbohydrates | Sugars and starches. |
| Lipids | fats and cholesterol |
| Proteins | Molecules made up of amino acids |
| Vitamins | Organic nutrients needed by the body in small amounts |
| Minerals | Inorganic substances that the body needs, |
| Metabolism | All chemical reactions in the body needed to maintain life. |
| Catabolism | substances are broken down into simpler substances. |
| Anabolism | larger molecules are built from smaller ones. |
| Cellular Respiration | Process which produces ATP from the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen |
| Glycolysis | breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid |
| Hyperglycemia | Excessively high levels of glucose in the blood. |
| Hypoglycemia | Glucose levels are too low in the blood. |
| Acidosis | blood becomes acidic. |
| Glycogen | large polysaccharide moleclue which stores thousands of glucose molecules. |
| Cholesterol | Makes up steroid hormones, vitamin D, & plasma membranes |
| LDLs | Transport cholesterol and other lipids to body cells. |
| HDLs | Transport cholesterol from the tissue cells to the liver for disposal |
| Basal Metabolic rate | Amount of heat prduced by the body per unit of time at rest |
| Polyps | Benign mucosal tumors. |
