| A | B |
| national debt | money owed by the United States |
| John Adams | first vice president |
| Alexander Hamilton | supported loose construction |
| vice president in 1796; 2nd place finisher | Thomas Jefferson |
| tariff | tax on imported goods |
| Alien Act | president could expel foreigners |
| poregional and political differences | threatened national unity |
| Sedition Act | forbidden to write or speak against government |
| called for war on France | Federalists after XYZ Affair |
| Pinckney's Treaty | resolved differences between U.S. & Spain |
| political parties | groups that organize to help government officials & influence policies |
| bonds | certificates that represent money owed |
| right of deposit | American boats transfer goods at New Orleans without paying fees |
| Treaty of Greenville | access to Indian land in Northwest Territory |
| Judiciary Act | created federal court system |
| speculators | investors who bought bonds at low prices in the hope the value would rise |
| Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions | state governments could ignore federal laws |
| Jay's Treaty | resolved differences between U.S. & Great Britain |
| precedent | action or decision that serves as an example |
| Thomas Jefferson | supported strict construction |