| A | B |
| Pharoa | Egyptian king |
| hieroglyphics | ancient form of egyptian writing |
| mosque | muslim house of worship |
| city-state | a area with their own gov't and takes over surrounding countryside |
| lineage | lines of descent back to one ancestor |
| consensus | common-agreement |
| subsistence farmer | who can benifet their own needs with little or no surplus |
| polygamy | someone with one or more spouses |
| age grade | boyz and girlz that are born in the same year |
| Askia Muhammad | Helped take over songhai, also converted to islam |
| Mansa musa | Oustanding ruler of Mali, converted to islam |
| Sunni Ali | ruler of songhai, took over gao |