| A | B |
|---|
| Scientific Revolution | 1500-1600's |
| Leonardo da Vinci | "The most curious man who ever lived" human anatomy,flying machine,& bicycles |
| Anton Leeuwenhook | Microscope-"Wretched Beasties" discovered bacteria and Red Blood Cells |
| Zacharias Jansen | 1st telescope (dutch eyeglass maker) |
| The Spectator | 1st daily newspaper in London |
| Ptolemy | astronomer Geocentric Theory |
| Geocentric Theory | Earth center of universe-Planets revolved around the earth |
| Nicholas Copernicus | Heliocentric Theory-Sun-centered |
| Heliocentric Theory | Sun center of the universe-earth turns on it's axis |
| Astrologist | position of stars affected human lives |
| Astronomy | study of planets |
| Tycho Brae | 1st true astronemer/proved copernicus theory |
| Uraniborg | "Castles of the Heavens" |
| Johannes Kepler | "Law of Planetary Motion" planets revolve around the sun in a ellipitcal orbit |
| Elliptical orbit | Egg Shape |
| Galileo | "The Starry Messenger" discovered moons of Jupiter showed moons had mountains sunspots |
| Leaning tower of Pisa | Galileo used this to measure speed of falling weights |
| Trial of Galileo | Catholic Heretic told Galileo to admit errors or Death his response was " and yet it moves" |
| Pope John Paul II | 1992 claimed church was wrong in persecuting Galileo |
| Sir Isaac Newton | Principia(book) Law of Gravity |
| Galen | Theories on human anatomy(dissected apes & dogs) |
| Physiology | study of functions of body |
| Paracelsus | "I please no one except the sick whom I healed" proved chemical changes were possible-make medicine |
| Alchemy | chemical changes to make medicine |
| Andreas Vesalius | Wrote On the Fabric of the Human- Accurate drawings of Human Anatomy |
| Ambroise Pare | founder modern surgery- Ointment for wounds & stiches |
| William Harvey | On the Motion of the Heart & Blood. Heart (not liver) begining point of blood circulation |
| Robert Hooke | The cell |
| Edward Jenner | small pox vaccine-inoculation injecting germ into body/create immunity |
| Mariea Winkleman | self taught astronomer discovered Comet |
| Margaret Canendish | wrote Scientific Matter "Observation upon experimental Philosophy" |
| Robert Boyle | The Skeptical Chymist- made chemistry pure science |
| Alchemist | try to transform base metals to precious metals EX. lead to Gold |
| Antoine Laviser | founder of modern chemistry(nature of combustion) beheaded 1792/Guillotine died doing experiment. Blinked eyes after lost head 12-15 times |
| Gabriel Fahrenheit | 1st Thermometer |
| The Enlightenment | Light of Logical Thinking |
| age of Reason | reason to discover natural laws that govern Human behavior |
| 5 Concepts of Enlightenment | Reason, Nature, Happiness, Progress, & Liberty |
| Philosophe | (French Philosopher) Intellectuals of Enlightenment |
| Scientific Societies | The English Royal Societies-founded by Charles II...The French Royal Academy of Science-founded by Louis XIV...Paris intellectual & cultural capital of Europe |
| Salons | formal gatherings of Philosophers mansions wealthy women of Paris |
| Madame de Pompadour | famous for Salons |
| Rene Descartes | Founder of Modern Philosohy-The Discourse on Methoud--Rationlaism reason chief source of Knowledge.."I think therefore I am" 1st Truth |
| Francis Bacon | Scientific Method-experiment & observation to study human behavior inductive reasoning |
| Inductive Reasoning | learn about nature (organize experiment to test Hypothesis/theories |
| Thomas Hobbes | Leviathan (Book) Best gov. ruler absolute power/supported rule of Monarchs |
| State of Nature | no Gov. state of chaos and war unwritten social contract |
| John Locke | Two Treaties on Goverment |
| Natural Rights of Man | Life Liberty & Property |
| Tabula Rasa | Blank Mind (knowledge comes from our Goverment |
| Scientific Method | System for collecting and analyzing evidence |
| the Immortals | group of french Philosophers |
| Montesquieu | Spirit of Laws-comparative study of worlds gov.s |
| 3 basic forms of Gov't.(Montesquieu) | Republic, Despotism, & Monarchy |
| 3 Branches of gov. (Montesquieu) | Seperation of Power System check and balance |
| Voltaire Francis-Marie Arouet | "I do not agree with a word you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it!" fought for freedom of thought,religon, & speech |
| Candide | novel against Prejudice & Oppressive Gov. |
| Secularism | separation of church & state |
| Deism | religious philosophy/reson & natural law |
| Mariea Theresa (Enlightened Monarch) | Austria |
| Fredrick the Great (Enlightened Monarch) | Prussia |
| Catherine the Great(Enlightened Monarch) | Russia |
| Rousseau | The Social Contract- "Man is born free & everywhere is in chains" |
| Social Contract | man gives up certain rights for protection |
| General Will | what's best for entire community |
| Popular Sovereignty | "Will of People"-election of officals to run gov. |
| Denis Diderot | "Le Philosophe" Encyclopedia |
| Science of Man | Dev. of Social Sciences, Goverment, History, & Economics |
| Adam Smith | The Wealth of Nations-studied Economic system of world |
| Laissez-Faire | to let alone9gov't. should not intervene in buisness |
| Cesave Beccaria | Italian Philosophe- abolish torture & capital punishment (death penalty) |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | 1st femenist- a Vindication of the Rights of Women1792. Sexual equality- education, politics & careers |
