| A | B |
|---|
| The goals of psychology are to: | describe, predict, understand, and achieve influence over behavior. |
| A theory is a : | systematic explanation of a phenomenon and distills and organizes the facts into a few short principles. |
| A hypothesis is: | Made from theories and specific predictions which are testable. |
| Developmental Psych. | Studies human mental and physical growth and looks at changes in cog., personality, and affect over time. |
| Cognitive Psych. | How humans process, store, and use information. Looks at attention, memory, and problem solving skills. |
| Physiological Psych. | Investigates the biological basis of human behavior. |
| Experimental Psych. | Focus on basic mental process and methodology used to study learning, sensation, perception, cognition, motivation, and emotion. |
| Personality Psych. | Study the differences among induviduals and looks at induv. diff. in temperament, person. traits, and attributes. |
| Clinical and Counseling Psych. | Diagnosis, cause, and treatment of psychological disorders. Concerned with normal problems of life. |
| Social Psych. | How ppl influence one another. Focuses on power, stereotypes, attitudes and coercion. |
| Industrial and Organizational Psych. | Psych. applied to the workplace. |
| Aristotle said that: | Human behavior should be studied systematically and noticed the importance of observation. |
| Copernicus said that: | ppl may not be the center of the universe and ppl can be studied via laws of nature instead of religion. |
| Descartes said that: | Humans consist of mind and body (body - science, soul - religion) |
| John Locke said that: | Empiricism focues on scientific nature of things, ppl as tabula rosa. |
| Darwin: | Human behavior should be studied via scientific inquiry, humans seen as evolving into conscious thought and as a subject to laws of science. |
| Structuralism: | Wundt and Titchener |
| Structuralism was concerned with: | identifying the units of conscious experience. Subdivided consciousness into physical sensation, affect, and images. |
| The method of structuralism was ____ and the critisims were ____. | Objective introspective, subjective and not replicable |
| Functionalism: | William James |
| Functionalism was concerned with : | functional nature of perceptual abilities. Argued that consciousness is continuous. |
| The critisisms of functionalism was: | hard to test and subjective |
| William James was the : | first American born Psychologist - taught in Harvard |
| Psychodynamics: | Sigmund Freud |
| Psychodynamics is: | A set of peronality theories which state that behavior results from interactions outside conscious awareness. |
| Freud believed: | Unconscious desires and conflicts are at the root of all adaptive or maladaptive behavior and developed psychoanalysis. |
| Behaviorism: | Watson |
| Behaviorism is concerned with: | behavior that can be observed and measured. |
| Behaviorism 2: | Skinner |
| Skinner says that: | Learning is due to reinforcement and mind is a black box. |
| Criticisms of behaviorism: | Ignores internal states and cant explain comples behavior. |
| Gestalt: | Wertheimer, Kohler, and Koffka |
| Gestalt was concerned with: | the perception of "whole form". "The whole is not equal to the sum of its parts" Concerned with perceptual phenomena |
| The critisims of Gestalt: | Too much focus on perception, ignores emotional influences. |
