| A | B |
|---|
| Nervous system | One of the main communication systems in the body; sends messages through nerve impulses |
| Dura mater | Outer brain covering; lines the inside of the skull |
| Arachnoid mater | Middle layer, cobweb like with fluid filled spaces |
| Pia mater | Covers the brain surface; has a lot of blood vessels |
| Neuron | Nerve cell |
| Neuroglia | Nerve glue; cells that insulate, support and protect the nerve cell (neuron) |
| Axon | Carries messages away from the cell body |
| Dendrite | Carry messages to the cell body |
| Neurilemma | Myelin sheath; protects the axon of the nerve cell |
| Central nervous system | Consists of the brain and spinal cord |
| Autonomic nervous system | Part of the PNS; transmits signals to and from involuntary parts of the body |
| Peripheral nervous system | Consists of all the nerves that connect the brain and the spinal cord with sensory receptors, muscles and glands in the body |
| Cerebellum | Controls information relating to skeletal muscle activity; joint movement , muscle tone, body position, ligaments and tendons |
| Cerebrum | largest part of the brain; divided into 2 hemispheres |
| Brain stem | Consists of 3 parts; the midbrain, the pons and the medulla |
| Cerebral cortex | outer portion of the brain; gray matter; highest center for reasoning and intellet |
| Cerebral ventricles | There are 4 in the brain and they serve as a formation and storage site for CSF |
| Cerebrospinal fluid | Produced within the ventricles of the brain; acts as a shock absorber and a source of nutrients for the brain |
| Choroid plexus | Found in the ventricles; rich network of blood vessels; helps to form CSF |
| Corpus callosum | Band of fibers that hold the cerebral hemispheres together |
| Diencephalon | Between the cerebrum and midbrain; houses the thalamus and the hypothalamus |
| Fissures | Deep furrows or grooves in the brain tissue |
| Frontal lobe | Controls voluntary muscle movement |
| Parietal lobe | Interprets sensations of pain, touch, heat, cold, and balance |
| Temporal lobe | Smell and hearing |
| Occipital lobe | Controls eyesight |
| Gyri | Elevated ridges or convolutions; serve to increase the surface area of the brain |
| Sulci | Shallow grooves in the brain tissue |
| Hypothalamus | The "brain" of the brain; regulates temp, HR, appetite and water balance |
| Thalamus | Relay station for incoming and outgoing impulses |
| Limbic system | Influences unconscious and instinctive behaviors that relate to survival |
| Medulla oblongata | Serves as a passageway for nerve impulses between the brain and the spinal cord; center for vital functions such as HR, RR, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting |
| Memory | The ability to store and retrieve old information and process and store new information |
| Meninges | Membranous coverings that protect the brain (dura, arachnoid, pia) |
| Motor (efferent) neuron | Carry messages from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands |
| Sensory (efferent) neuron | Emerge from the skin or sense organs |
| Associative (interneurons) | Carries impuses from sensory neurons to motor meurons |
| Pons | Controls respirations; passageway from cerebrum to cerebellum; 4 cranial nerves emerge from this area |
| Brain | Highly complex system made of many parts that are responsible for carrying out various bodily functions |
| Spinal cord | Serves as a pathway of transit between the spinal nerves and the brain |
| Synapse | Site where impulses go from one cell to the next |
| Synaptic cleft | Transmission site for nerve impulses; from axon of one cell to dendrite of another; conduction occurs through neurotransmitters |
| Neurotransmitter | Special chemical that is released from the axon of a cell |
