| A | B |
|---|
| United Nations (UN) | Peacekeeping organization established in 1945. |
| satellite nation | countries dominated by the Soviet Union |
| containment | US foreign policy to prevent any expansion of communist rule to other countries. |
| Iron curtain | Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the division of Europe due to Stalin's dictatorial rule in the Soviet Union. |
| Cold War | A conflict between the US and the Soviet Union in which neither nation directly confronted each other on the battlefield. |
| Truman Doctrine | Policy of the US to support any free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation (oppression) by armed minorities or outside pressures like the Soviets. |
| Marshall Plan | The US sent 13 billion dollars in aid to Western European nations to rebuild after WWII. Stalin refused the money. |
| Berlin Airlift | Occurred when American and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin for 327 days around the clock when Stalin blockaded the city in the hopes of starving the people there. |
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | 12 member Western Europe nations and the US and Canada pledged military support to each other if any member was attacked. It was the FIRST peacetime military alliance in US history. |
| Chiang Kai-shek | Nationalist Chinese leader who fought against Mao Zedong and communism. The US will give Chiang 3 billion in aid. |
| Mao Zedong | Man who led the Chinese communists. Mao gains the support of the peasants and wins the civil war against Chiang Kai-shek |
| 38th Parallel | The line that divides Korea into North Korea (Communist) and South Korea (democratic). |
| Korean War | Conflict that occurred after North Korean communist troops surprise attacked South Korea. UN troops that included the US army responded to the attack. |
| HUAC | House of UN-American Activities Committee. HUAC began investigating communist influences in the movie industry. |
| Hollywood Ten | Ten unfriendly witnesses from Hollywood called to testify about the presence of communist ideas in Hollywood. The ten men REFUSED to testify and said the hearings were unconstitutional. The ten were sent to PRISON. |
| Blacklist | After the Hollywood 10, Hollywood executives created a BLACKLIST or a list of people they said had communist sympathies. 500 Hollywood actors, writers, producers, and directors had their careers ruined by the list since they could no longer work. |
| Alger Hiss | A former State department official who was charged with spying for the Soviet Union and Hiss was sent to prison. It was later proved that Hiss was indeed a spy. |
| Ethel and Julius Rosenberg | Two Americans implicated in a spy case that had delivered information to the Soviet Union on how to make atomic bombs. The couple belonged to the American Communist Party and were found guilty and executed. Russia later provided proof that the Rosenbergs were in fact spies for them. guilty |
| Joseph McCarthy | Most famous anti-communist activist and Senator. McCarthyism believed communists were taking over government and began a long series of investigations to seek out communists in the nation. |
| McCarthyism | An unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty without providing evidence. |
| H Bomb | Hydrogen bomb has the power of 67 atomic bombs. US first develops the bomb in 1952. |
| Dwight D. Eisenhower | President of the US during much of the Red Scare or paranoia that communists were everywhere in the US. |
| John Foster Dulles | Eisenhower's Secretary of State who was extremely anti-communist. Dulles believed the Cold War was a moral crusade against communism. Dulles promised that the spread of communism would be stopped because the US would use all force necessary including nuclear weapons if necessary. |
| brinkmanship | Foreign policy of being so aggressive that a nation is willing to go to the edge or brink of all out war to prove a point. Brinkmanship is the main source of friction between the US and the Soviet Union since both nations used brinkmanship in their dealings with each other. |
| Central Intelligence Agency | Also known as the CIA. The CIA used spies to gather information from abroad and also to carry out covert or secret operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the US. |
| Warsaw Pact | A military alliance like NATO but this alliance was the Soviet Union and 7 other Eastern European countries. |
| Eisenhower Doctrine | This foreign policy said that the US would defend the Middle East against any attack by any communist country. |
| Nikita Krushchev | Soviet leader after Stalin. Krushchev believed that communism would take over the world but unlike Stalin, Krushchev thought it would be peaceful. Krushchev believed the two superpowers could coexist peacefully even though they had competing political and economic systems. |
| Francis Gary Powers | US pilot that flew one of the U-2 spy planes shot down over Russia as it was spying. |
| U-2 Incident | US pilot Gary Powers was shot down as he was spying on the Soviet Union. Powers was captured and sentenced to 10 years in a Russian prison. The US agreed to discontinue all spy flights but would NOT apologize to the Soviets. The U2 incident created renewed tensions between the two nations. |
