| A | B |
|---|
| Age of Empire | Time period when the US engaged in an aggressive foreign policy to acquire foreign lands. |
| "yellow press" | 1 reason the US became involved in the Spanish- American War because Hearst and Pulitzer persuaded many Americans to push McKinley to go to war. |
| Reverend Josiah Strong | Author of "Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis". The book outlines why the US must look overseas for new souls to convert to Christianity. |
| Captain Alfred T. Mahan | Author of "The Influence of Sea Power on History" which argues that it is a nation's naval power that determines their place in the world. |
| "sugar lords" | American descendants in Hawaii that had controlling interests in sugar and pineapple plantations. These sugar lords will overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy and convince the US to annex Hawaii. |
| Queen Liliuokalani | Hawaiian queen who resisted the sugar lords efforts and because she did so was the last queen of Hawaiian because it was abolished forever. |
| General Valeriano Weyler | Spanish general sent to Cuba to stop the rebellious "insurrectos". Weyler put many Cubans into reconcentration camps without sanitation and they died in massive numbers. |
| "insurrectos" | Cuban rebels who practiced scorched earth or torching of cane and sugar fields. These men hoped that the US would arrive to help them and send a message to their Spanish oppressors. |
| "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war" | Famous phrase uttered by Randolph Hearst to famous artist Frederick Remington. Remington did indeed provide the salacious pictures that help start the Spanish American War. |
| De Lome Letter | Letter written by the Spanish ambassador that related De Lome's opinion that President William McKinley was "weak and bidder for the admiration of the crowd." It was called the worst insult in history. |
| U.S.S. Maine | US navy boat that explodes in the Havana, Cuba harbor. The boat was there to safeguard and evacuate American citizens in Cuba. The newspapers immediately reported that it was Spain who sank the ship killing 260 American sailors. |
| Philippines | Where the US navy is sent when the Spanish American War starts as this is where the Spanish fleet is anchored. |
| Battle of Santiago | Battle that results in the destruction of the Spanish fleet by the US Navy. |
| "Rough Riders" | This calvary unit was led by Colonel Leonard Wood and Lt. Colonel Theodore Roosevelt. The unit accidentally drowned most of their houses and ended up fighting on foot. Roosevelt is made a war hero as a result of the Rough Riders. |
| Pact of Paris | Treaty that ended the Spanish American War and made America colonizers overnight as they acquired Guam, Samoa, Manila, and the Philippines. |
| anti-imperialists | individuals in the US who believed that the US should not under any cicrumstances take control of other lands. Mark Twain and Andrew Carnegie were famous anti-imperialists. |
| Insular Cases | Supreme Court rules that the people of the colonized lands will NOT have the same rights under the Constitution or Bill of Rights as American citizens. |
| "splendid little war" | Nickname used in the newspapers to describe the end of the Spanish American War |
| Purchase of the Philippines | McKinley decided that rather than let the Philippines become independent, he would pay 20 million dollars to Spain for the Islands. |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino rebel leader who led his men against both the Spanish and the Americans. His captures signaled the end of any Filipino rebellions. |
| Secretary of State, John Hayes | Author of the "Open Door Notes". These US papers demanded equal trade in China since it had already been divided up by European powers under a policy known as the "Spheres of Influence." Surprisingly, European nations agreed to the US demand and shared Chinese ports and natural resources with America. |
| Boxer Rebellion | Chinese citizens turn on the foreigners in their country and go on a rampage killing any foreigner regardless of missionary, trader, man, woman, or child. British troops put down the rebellion but hundreds die. |
| Election of 1900 | William Mckinley v. William Jennings Bryan (again). McKinley will easily win due to the prosperity that he has brought to the US. Theodore Roosevelt will be the vice president. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | Governor of New York. A progressive who planned many reforms for the New York political machines. THese machines arranged for Roosevelt to be on the Presidential ticket and were glad to be rid of him. Becomes president when William Mckinley is assassinated. |
| McKinley assassination | A deranged anarchists kills McKinley in Sept. 1901. |
| "speak softly and carry a big stick" | Favorite phrase of Theodore Roosevelt who used the idea for his foreign policy. The Great White Fleet or US Navy is Roosevelt's big stick and is given the charge to travel around the world to show other nations American might. |
| Theodore Roosevelt and loose constructionism | Roosevelt believed that as president he could take any action in the general interest of the nation as long as it was not specifically forbidden in the Constitution. |
| Panama Canal Zone | Several nations wanted to build it (England, France) but both gave up. Several treaties signed but none stuck until the deal was struck with the Panama government. |
| Importance of Columbia | Panama Canal zone is owned by Columbia but Columbia rejects the US offer to lease the land on a yearly rate. |
| Panama rebellion | Panama rebels against the Columbian government. The US gunboat the "Nashville" steps between the rebels and the Columbian soldiers giving the Panamanians the break they need to successfully gain their independence. 3 days later the US declares that Panama is a sovereign nation and Panama gladly leases the canal zone for us to finish the building and use of it (unlike Columbia who refused.) |
| Construction of the Panama Canal | Thousands of workers will die from malaria and mudslides, some 400 million is used to build it, and it is completed in 1914 just as WWI is breaking out in Europe. |
| Roosevelt Corollary | This is an addition to the Monroe Doctrine by Roosevelt. He calls it the "good neighbor" policy while Latin America views it as the "Bad Neighbor" policy as it was used to justify wholesale interventions and repeated landings of marines in the Caribbean. Latin America did not feel protected but strangled. |
| Russo-Japanese War | Roosevelt negotiated a treaty between the two nations that gave them each a little of what they wanted but left neither the victor. Both nations left with a bitter feelings toward the US but Roosevelt earned the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in the PORTSMOUTH TREATY (so called because it was held in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. |
| Japanese Laborers | First came to Hawaii and later California (San Francisco) as agricultural laborers. |
| "yellow peril" | Name given to the nativist fear that the Japanese would take over the West Coast. |
| San Francisco and the "yellow peril" | San Francisco even passes a law segregating all Japanese, Chinese, or Korean descent in all schools. The nation of Japan calls it an act of war. |
| Gentleman's Agreement | Theodore Roosevelt settles things with Japan by getting San Francisco to get rid of the school law and Japan agrees to stop allowing Japanese citizens to travel to the US to work. |
| Great White Fleet | It is after the negotiations with Japan that Roosevelt worries that the US looks weak so the ENTIRE US Navy is sent sailing around the world. The commander was to have said he was ready for either greetings of "feast, frolic, or fight?". Most places greeted the US sailors with enthusiasm even Japan. |
| Root-Takahira Treaty | Between the US and Japan. The two nations agreed to respect each others territorial possessions in the Pacific Ocean and agreed to uphold the Open Door policy in China (share Chinese ports and natural resources). |
| Progressive Movement | Represents the FIRST major REFORM minded group of men and women to actively use government to make positive changes to political, business, and cultural corruptions. (Chapter 28) |
