| A | B |
|---|
| nutrients | the substances in food that your body needs to function properly to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy |
| hunger | a natural drive that protects you from starvation |
| appetite | a desire, rather than a need, to eat |
| nutrition | the process by which the body takes in and uses food |
| carbohydrates | the starches and sugars found in foods |
| glucose | a simple sugar and the body's chief fuel |
| proteins | nutrients that help build and maintain body tissues |
| glycogen | starch-like substance stored in the liver and muscles |
| amino acids | substances that make up body proteins |
| lipid | a fatty substance that does not dissolve in water |
| linoleic acid | an essential fatty acid not make in the body but which is essential for growth and healthy skin |
| cholesterol | a fatlike substance produced in the liver of all animals and, therefore, found only in foods of animal origin |
| fiber | form of carbohydrate found in tough, stringy part of vegetables, fruits and grains |
| complete proteins | foods that contain all the essential amino acids |
| incomplete proteins | foods that lack some of the essential amino acids |
| saturated fats | fatty acid that holds all the hydrogen atoms it can |
| unsaturated fats | fatty acid that is missing one or more pairs of hydrogens |
| function of fat | carries vitamins A, D, E, and K; insulation and cushion organs |
| function of proteins | growth throughout life, makes enzymes, hormones, and antibodies |
| function of carbohydrates | broken down into glucose and used as energy by the body |
| vitamins | compounds that help regulate many vital body processes, including the digestion, absorption and metabolism of other nutrients |
| minerals | inorganic substances that the body cannot manufacture but that act as catalysts, regulating many vital body processes |
| water soluble vitamins | vitamins that dissolve in water and pass easily into the bloodstream in the process of digestion |
| fat soluble vitamins | vitamins that are absorbed and transported by fat; vit. A, D, E, and K |
| water | most abundant substance in the body; regulates all bodily functions |
| vitamin C | citrus fruits, cantaloupe, tomatoes, cabbage; protects against infections, heals wounds, promotes health gums and teeth |
| vitamin B1 | whole grain or enriched cereals, liver yeast, nuts; changes glucose into energy or fat |
| vitamin B2 | milk, cheeze, spinach; helps produce energy from nutrients and keeps skin in healthy condition |
| vitamin B6 | wheat bran and germ, liver, meat; metabolize amino acid and carbohydrates |
| Niacin | milk, eggs, poultry; maintenance of all body tissues and helps in energy production |
| Folic acid | orange juice, nuts, green vegetables; production of RNA and DNA and form RBCs; reduces risk of birth defects |
| vitamin B12 | animal products; production of red blood cells and normal growth |
| Fantothenic acid | milk, cheese, poultry, wheat germ; breakdown and synthesis of carb, proteins and fats |
| vitamin A | milk and other dairy products, green vegetables; Maintenance of skin, strengthens tooth enamel and promotes use of calcium and phosphurus |
| vitamin D | fortified milk, eggs, fortified cereals, sun; absorption and use of calcium and phosphorus |
| vitamin E | vegetable oils, legumes, nuts; transports oxygen and protects against destruction of red blood cells |
| vitamin K | spinach, broccoli, eggs; essential for blood clotting |
| Calcium | dairy products, leafy vegetables, edible bones; building material of bones and teeth |
| Sodium | table salt, soy sauce, milk, processed foods; regulates fluid and transmits nerve impulses |
| Potassium | bananas, potatoes, legumes; controls the acid-base and liquid balaces |
| Iron | meats peanuts, egg yolks, fortified cereal; part of the red blood cells' oxygen and carbon dioxide transport system |
| Sulfur | nuts, barley, dried fruits; component of insulin and some amino acids; build hair, nails, skin |
| Fluoride | found in fluoridated water, fish with edible bones; for normal tooth and bone development |
| Chloride | found in table salt; a part of gastric juices, hydrochloric acid |
