| A | B |
|---|
| Framers | people who wrote the U.S. Constitution at the Philadelphia Convention |
| Philadelphia Convention | Constitutional Convention, held in 1787 in Philadelphia, wrote the U.S. constitution |
| Equal Representation | each state has same number of representatives, Senate |
| Great Compromise | created two houses in Congress, each state has two representatives in the Senate, number of representatives based on population size in the House of Representatives |
| New Jersey Plan | one house Congress, each state has same number of members, weak national government |
| Proportional Representation | number of representatives is based on population, House of Representatives |
| Virginia Plan | two house Congress, number of members based on population, government divided into three branches, strong national government |
| Fugitive Slave Clause | in Constitution, runaway slaves must be returned to owners, later abolished by 13th Amendment |
| Tariff | tax on imported or exported goods |
| Three/Fifths Clause | in constitution, slaves counted as 3/5ths of a person when deciding how many members a state had in the House of Representatives, also used for taxes, later abolished by the 14th Amendment |
| Bill of Attainder | Legislature (Congress) punishes an individual or group without a trial |
| Enumerated Powers | powers of the U.S. government, listed in the Constitution |
| Ex Post Facto Law | forbidden by constitution, a law that changes the rules after the event has already happened to make it a crime |
| General Welfare Clause | in Constitution, Congress can arrange the defense of the country and other needs |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | in Constitution, Congress has power to write laws it needs in order to use the powers given to Congress by the Constitution |
| Unconstitutional | not allowed by the constitution, contradicts the constitution |
| Writ of Habeas Corpus | makes the government bring a person it arrested to a court and explain why the arrest was made, if no law was broken the person can go free |
| Advice and Consent | Senate has power to vote on treaties and important presidential appointments |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | a higher court (more powerful) can hear appeals from a lower court |
| Electoral College | group of official electors who actually vote for president after a presidential election, the number of electors is the same as members of the House of Representatives and Senate |
| Impeach | a public official is accused of a crime and brought to trial while in office |
| Jurisdiction | power to have a court trial and decide the outcome |
| Original Jurisdiction | the court which has the power to hear the case first |
| Twenty - Second Amendment | a president can only be elected twice |
